Definition: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake striking Nepal on April 25, 2015 and causing widespread destruction including an avalanche on Mount Everest. The earthquake caused deaths in Nepal, India and Tibet.
Definition: Retirement investment plans established by employers, in which employees may contribute a percentage of their wages to a tax-deferred investment account.
Definition: The intentional termination of a pregnancy either for health and medical reasons or because of an elective decision. For the controversy surrounding abortion in a reproductive rights context, see "Abortion controversy."
Definition: Physical and emotional abuse directed at children. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Crimes against children" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Physical and emotional abuse directed at women. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. Also see "Domestic violence". See "Domestic assault", "Sexual assault", and "Sexual abuse" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Competitions focusing on participants' ability to quickly answer questions about an academic subject, often in quiz-show or test formats. Presentation-style competitions, such as science fairs, are also included.
Definition: The issues surrounding the availability of health services to individuals with regard to, for example, insurance coverage, policies or cost, physician or hospital location, or pre-existing conditions of the patient. For health care reform see "Health care reform."
Definition: Unexpected and undesirable events with negative outcomes, such as oil spills, structural collapses, recreation and transportation accidents, or industrial emergencies.
Definition: Living quarters for travellers. Includes openings and closings of lodging establishments, lodging deals and guides to top lodging facilities.
Definition: The provision of bookkeeping services that create a financial record of business transactions, the preparation of statements on the assets, liabilities, and operating results of a business and the checking of financial records to ensure accuracy.
Definition: The provision of such services as the auditing of accounting records, preparation of financial statements, development of budgets, preparation of tax returns and payroll processing.
Definition: A medical condition in which stomach acids flow back into the esophagus, causing acid indigestion, heartburn and possible damage to the tissues lining the esophagus.
Definition: Acts of intentionally inflicting pain or suffering on a person, usually illegally, and often in order to secure information or a confession. For torture in the context of prisoner rights, politics and social issues, see "Torture and interrogation tactics."
Definition: Methods of treatment for overcoming addictions to harmful substances (e. g. drugs or alcohol), or to harmful behaviors, including therapies, interventions and/or medications.
Definition: The legal transfer of parental rights and duties to someone other than a child's birth parents. Includes all aspects of adoption that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy.
Definition: Non-residential health care facilities specializing in providing activities, health services and support services to elderly and/or handicapped individuals.
Definition: Legal documents containing specific instructions regarding the medical and health care decisions of a patient, in the event that the patient is too ill or incapacitated to make those decisions, and in advance of death.
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television, or other media.
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in creating advertising campaigns and placing such advertising in periodicals, newspapers, radio and television, or other media; also those firms that provide publicity, for individuals, organizations and businesses, that does not necessitate payment.
Definition: A system of physical conditioning designed to enhance circulatory and respiratory efficiency that involves vigorous sustained exercise, such as jogging, swimming, or cycling.
Definition: The technology, design and engineering of aircraft and their propulsion systems. Includes airplanes, space vehicles and jet propulsion technologies.
Definition: The manufacturing of advance materials, aircraft, armored vehicles, defense electronics and systems, military uniforms and body armor, naval ships, spacecraft, submarines and weapons and the provision of aerospace and defense equipment repair, aerospace and defense research services and space industry services.
Definition: Polices or programs that seek to level the playing field for demographic groups that have typically been discriminated against in the past, particularly with regard to employment and education. Includes legislation and political debating around affirmative action.
Definition: People in the United States of black African descent or, more generally, all black Americans. Includes the lives and activities of African-Americans, and issues pertaining to or of particular interest to African-Americans.
Definition: Bonds issued by a U.S. government-sponsored agency, such as Student Loan Marketing Association (Sallie Mae), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac).
Definition: An interdisciplinary science developing techniques and technologies to improve agricultural productivity. Includes animal science (but not veterinary science), botany, soil science, crop production, irrigation, harvesting techniques, crop preservation, packaging, and food science. See "Agriculture" and "Agriculture, food and beverage manufacturing" for industry content. Also see "Agriculture regulation" and "Food and beverage manufacturing regulation."
Definition: Financial assistance granted by a government to farmers and agribusinesses to increase their income. Typically conducted through price level supports or direct payments.
Definition: Technologies and innovations that support the agricultural and food production industries, such as fertilizer or composting technologies, or robot-assisted farming.
Definition: The performance of one or more activities associated with farm operation, such as soil preparation, planting, harvesting, and management, on a contract or fee basis.
Definition: The status of the air or atmosphere with regard to the amount of pollutants present at a given location. Includes causes of poor air quality, effects on the environment and humans, and human efforts to influence air quality. For specific reports and alerts on air quality, see "Air quality indexes and advisories".
Definition: The system by which aircraft are guided safely for takeoff or landing at airports, or guided while on the ground or in the air by trained professionals in order to avoid accidents.
Definition: Travel by airplane or helicopter. Includes air travel deals, travel disruptions, announcments of new flight routes and air travel safety. For the safety of aircraft, airports, runways and air traffic, see "Aviation safety and security". For the air transportation industry, see "Airlines".
Definition: The assembling of complete aircraft including airplanes, blimps, helicopters and gliders; the development and building of aircraft prototypes; the making of major modifications to aircraft systems; and the complete overhaul and rebuilding of aircraft.
Definition: The workings and management of airports - includes landing strip maintenance, control towers, hangars, aircraft maintenance and refueling facilities, and accommodations for passengers and cargo.
Definition: Security measures taken by transportation authorities to protect airports, airplanes and their passengers from crime such as hijacking and terrorism.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control the production, distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Includes the creation, implementation and effects of alcohol legislation and regulation.
Definition: A chronic illness characterized by a behavioral and physiological dependency on alcohol, causing long-term physical damage and social impairment.
Definition: Renewable sources of energy like solar and wind power that have minimal impact on environment unlike burning fossil fuels. Energy produced from such sources.
Definition: Medical, therapeutic or diagnostic practices that are not generally accepted as part of conventional medicine, such as Ayurveda, acupuncture, homeopathy or herbal medicine.
Definition: Parks with a large assortment of rides, games of chance, shows and other types of entertainment. Includes openings and closings of parks, announcements of new rides and deals being offered by the parks.
Definition: A medical condition in which a ballooning protrusion forms on a weakened artery or vein wall, potentially causing stroke, severe bleeding or death.
Definition: Wounds inflicted on a person by the mouth or teeth of a wild or domesticated animal. For attacks by animals in a general non-health context, see "Animal attacks."
Definition: The rights and well-being of animals -- especially domesticated or other animals under human care, such as pets, livestock, research animals, and working animals. See "Pets" for household pets. See "Animal cruelty" and "Animal poaching and smuggling" for crimes against animals. See "Ethical treatment of research animals" for ethical questions related to the use of animals in scientific research, including the procedures and policies used to protect their wellbeing. See "Zoology" for the biology of animals. See "Animals" for specific types of animals. See "Wildlife" for environmental issues related to wild animals and plants.
Definition: Animals' interactions with the environment, with humans and with other animals. Includes animals in national parks, in zoos, domesticated and wild animals. For livestock see "Livestock farming". For the scientific study of animals, see "Zoology".
Definition: Episodic stories told through animation that may be combined with live-action video. Episodes may be distributed via television outlets, the internet, or other media.
Definition: Stories told through illustration, with or without text. Includes anime, manga, comic strips, political cartoons, and animated video in all media.
Definition: A suicide bombing in Ansbach, Germany on July 24, 2016 in which the perpetrator blew himself up and wounded 15 people after being turned away from an open-air music festival.
Definition: Incidents involving the threat or perceived threat of biological attack by way of intentionally releasing anthrax spores into the air, with the purpose of doing harm to others.
Definition: Consumer shopping for collectible objects that were created during an earlier period of human history. Includes openings and closings of antique shops, announcements of antique shows and other antique shopping events.
Definition: Feelings of fear, apprehension and unease regarding a real or imagined future event or situation, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as sweating, panic attacks or palpitations.
Definition: Computer programs designed to allow users to perform specific tasks, such as word processing, graphics programs or content management systems.
Definition: Financial resource allocations by a legislature for particular usages. Includes hearings and other legislative discussions about where to appropriate funds. For a government's intended expenditures and the means of their financing, see "Government budgets".
Definition: The study of human cultural history, using artifacts left behind by ancient peoples. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Physical anthropology" for the study of human physical evolution from ancient times to the present. See "Paleontology" for the study of plant and animal life from ancient times.
Definition: Planning and designing buildings, neighborhoods, and public spaces. Includes design of urban areas, landscapes, and interiors from an arts and design perspective. For content on decorating, remodeling or building your own home, see "Home and garden" and its child terms. For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: The land, air and naval military forces of a country. Includes the administration, leadership, funding and overall strategy and planning of those forces.
Definition: The production of heavy duty, reinforced automobiles, sedans, limousines, trucks, SUVs, pickups, vans and riot control vehicles. Usually designed to be bulletproof and to provide protection against other types of weapons.
Definition: Formal discussions between two or more nations around arsenal-related issues such as proliferation, disarmament, sales and geographical location of weaponry. For binding agreements between two or more states with regard to armaments, see "Weapons treaties".
Definition: Acts of taking a person or persons into custody by law enforcement officials, and depriving those persons of their liberty, usually in relation to criminal allegations.
Definition: Deliberately and maliciously setting fire to buildings, natural areas, or other property -- or burning one's own property for an improper or illegal purpose, such as to collect insurance money. For accidental or natural fires, see 'Fires' and its sub-sections.
Definition: Organizations displaying visual art that is often available for purchase by collectors. Includes openings, exhibits, special events, acquisitions, and other announcements. See "Arts industry" for industry content. Also see "Art museums" and terms for specific types of art.
Definition: Academic study of visual art objects, art movements, and artists in a historical and cultural context, including the contributions of art to culture and society.
Definition: Institutions displaying privately-owned visual art. Includes openings, exhibits, special events, acquisitions, and other announcements. See "Arts industry" for industry content. Also see "Art galleries" and terms for specific types of art.
Definition: Photography as an art form. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists. See "News media" for photojournalism content.
Definition: A disease of inflammation in the joints that may be associated with pain, stiffness, swelling, and redness as well as deformities of those affected joints.
Definition: The area of computer science concerned with developing computer programs and systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as decision-making, speech recognition or visual perception.
Definition: The selling of artworks and collectibe items, including antiques and cars, to the highest bidder. For services that enable people to auction all types of items and participate in auctions via electronic media, see "Online auctions".
Definition: All forms of visual and performing arts, design arts, books and literature, film and television, music, and popular entertainment. Refers primarily to the art and entertainment itself and to those who create, perform, or interpret it. For business contexts, see "Entertainment industry".
Definition: Assassination of Andrei Karlov, Russia’s ambassador to Turkey, on December 19th, 2016 at an embassy-sponsored photo exhibit in Ankara, Turkey by Mevlut Mert Altintas, a member of the Turkish riot police squad.
Definition: Criminal acts of inflicting physical violence (such as hitting, stabbing, or using a gun to inflict harm) on a person or persons. For rape and other sexual violent crimes, see 'Sexual assault.'
Definition: Supportive living facilities that provide limited medical and personal care services to residents with special needs, especially seniors with disabilities.
Definition: Medical procedures and technologies used to achieve conception through artificial means and laboratory assistance, as in the case of infertility; examples include in-vitro fertilization, donor insemination and intrafallopian transfer.
Definition: Small and medium-sized rocky and metallic objects orbiting the Sun, mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids are believed to be remnants of the formation of our solar system. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The study of potential living organisms and habitable environments beyond the Earth's atmosphere. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The study of celestial objects, in our solar system and beyond, and the origins of the universe through direct observation and theoretical models. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Space industry" for industry content.
Definition: Compensation paid to individual athletes and the regulation of compensation for groups of athletes. Includes salary caps, minimum salaries, and player union negotiations.
Definition: Athletes' health conditions affecting their ability to participate in athletic activities. Includes reports on individual athletes and general discussions of health in competitive sports.
Definition: Recruiting athletes for college sports teams, usually from high schools. Athletes may also be recruited from junior colleges and from overseas.
Definition: The study of the atmosphere, its processes, and relationships with other systems. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Islamic militant attack on the United States diplomatic facility in Benghazi, Libya on September 11, 2012. U.S. Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and U.S. Foreign Service Information Management Officer Sean Smith were killed in the attack.
Definition: Audio recordings of books read aloud by one or more narrators. See "Books and literature" and its children for content about the books themselves. See "Audio book publishing" for industry content. See "Bookstore operators" and "Libraries" for book and audio book distribution.
Definition: Audio systems and devices intended for everyday use by individuals in their homes, such as speaker systems, AV receivers or iPod docks. For handheld audio devices such as MP3 players, see "Portable audio players."
Definition: The features, functions, and aesthetic qualities of automobiles, especially as it pertains to or interests the consumer or enthusiast. Includes concept cars, details on designs of specific new vehicles being produced by auto manufacturers and prizes for automotive design. For the automobile manufacturing industry, see "Automobile manufacturing".
Definition: The production of engines, engine parts, transmissions and power trains, brake systems, carburetors, pistons, piston rings, valves, steering and suspension components, electrical and electronic equipment and other parts for cars, sport utility vehicles, pickups, passenger vans, sports cars and race cars.
Definition: The avoidance of automobile accidents or the minimization of harmful effects of accidents, in particular as pertaining to human life and health.
Definition: Trade shows of the automobile manufacturing industry in which new models and concept cars are showcased, as well as local car shows that feature classic and custom cars. Includes announcements, previews and highlights of both national and local shows.
Definition: Passenger motor vehicles from the perspective of the consumer or enthusiast. Includes buying and selling a car, automobile shows, car cruises and automobile collecting. For the automobile industry see "Automobile manufacturing". For innovations and inventions that support motor vehicles, see "Automotive technology". For inventions that reduce the use of fossil fuels and emissions in vehicles, see "Green vehicle technology".
Definition: Accidental collisions or crashes involving roadway motor vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks or motorcycles, often resulting in death or injury.
Definition: Technologies and innovations surrounding advances in the safety of road vehicles, such as seat-belt and air-bag technologies, or automatic crash-assistance.
Definition: The dealing, financing, renting and leasing, and repair and maintenance of cars, sport utility vehicles, pickups, passenger and cargo vans, sports cars etc.
Definition: Technologies and innovations involved in the automotive industry, such as driverless cars, auto safety technology or alternative fuel vehicles.
Definition: Massive slides of snow or ice down the face of a mountain, triggered naturally or by humans, often resulting in death of or harm to people, animals or objects in their path.
Definition: Unforeseen incidents occurring in the air or on the ground that involve flying vessels such as airlines, airplanes or helicopters, such as crashes, collisions, near-misses, in-air incidents or emergency landings.
Definition: Gala events honoring achievement in the entertainment industry. Also see "Movie awards", "Music awards", "Literary awards", "Television awards", and "Theater awards".
Definition: The business of dealing in money and instruments of credit. Credit is a contractual agreement, in which a borrower receives something of value now, with the agreement to repay the lender at some date in the future. Also, the borrowing capacity of an individual or company.
Definition: Criminal acts of intentional deception during bankruptcy proceedings, such as falsifying documents, concealing assets or making false financial statements.
Definition: Establishments where alcoholic beverages are served and various types of entertainment, such as music or comedy, may be offered. Includes announcements of events at bars and clubs, trends, and openings and closings.
Definition: Competitive beach volleyball played on sand by teams of two players. See "Volleyball games" for both indoor and beach volleyball. Also see "Volleyball" for indoor volleyball.
Definition: Care and adornment of the body to improve or enhance one's appearance, or to express personal style -- especially with regard to prevailing aesthetics and customs. Includes personal care; information on the latest fashions and fashion advice for women, children and men; fashion shows; elective cosmetic procedures; and body ornamentation. For the business of creating fashions see "Fashion design". For beauty contests, see "Beauty pageants".
Definition: Businesses that offer services caring for a person's appearance such as a beauty salon, barber shop, nail salon and diet and weight reducing centers.
Definition: Modeling competitions where the contestants are judged primarily on physical appearance. Talent, personality, and public speaking elements are often included. Contestants are usually girls and young women.
Definition: Incident in which a truck rammed into a crowded Christmas market in Berlin, Germany on December 19, 2016, killing 12 people and injuring 48 others.
Definition: Liquids for human consumption, typically for refreshment. Includes events and trends pertinent to the enjoyment of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.
Definition: Educational programming providing academic instruction in two languages with the goal of keeping students at grade-level in academic subjects while helping them acquire a second language, usually English.
Definition: The study of chemical processes and reactions within living organisms. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Products and packaging made of material that breaks down by natural processes over time into substances that have little or no detrimental impact on the environment.
Definition: The process of making biodiesel. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel source largely compatible with petroleum based diesel fuel. It is synthesized by replacing glycerol with a short chain alcohol such as methanol or ethanol in a step known as transesterification.
Definition: Environmental aspects of fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat that can be used in diesel engines. For business aspects of biodiesel, see "Biodiesel manufacturing".
Definition: The production of fuel, such as methane, that is produced from renewable biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste.
Definition: Biological agents or toxins, such as anthrax, smallpox or other bacteria and viruses that are intentionally used as weapons, often in terrorist attacks.
Definition: The study of living things. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Thorough investigation of any matter related to the domain of living or biological systems. Usually biomedical denotes a greater stress on problems related to human health and diseases.
Definition: The measurement and analysis of biological data based on physical or behavioral characteristics such as vocal patterns, fingerprints, or eye retinas, often for the purposes of verifying an individual's identity.
Definition: The use of biological processes and living organisms or tissues in technological and scientific advancements, such as genetically modified foods or cloning, or in products such as pharmaceuticals.
Definition: Terrorist attacks involving the intentional release of harmful biological agents, such as disease pathogens or biological toxins, with the intent of causing injury or death.
Definition: The use of various contraceptive devices, products, or sexual practices and techniques to control conception. For the controversy surrounding contraception in a reproductive rights context, see "Contraception controversy."
Definition: Anniversaries of a person's birth. Includes announcements of celebrations in honor of a person's birthday and how-to advice on throwing a birthday party.
Definition: Regions of space so dense that no matter can escape their gravitational pull. Black holes cannot be observed directly since they absorb all light within the radius of their event horizons, but their gravitational lensing effect on more distant objects can be observed. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Acts of intentionally blocking off of ports, roadways or other access points to an area, often during wars or times of unrest, with the intention of obstructing access to food, supplies or communication.
Definition: Style of web content produced by individuals or small groups, often presented in reverse chronological order. Content may include news, photos, video, and other formats; typically focuses on a theme or the personal life of the creator and often includes reader commentary.
Definition: Sports wherein physical harm and often death of animals is used as entertainment. Events often include animals fighting with other animals or with humans. Focuses on the controversy surrounding such sports, including their legal status, the rights of the animals, and debate about whether such events are sport or cruelty. See "Bullfighting" and "Hunting" for all aspects of these sports. See "Animal cruelty" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Medical procedures whereby blood or blood components are transferred from a donor to a recipient, usually as part of treatment or to replenish blood supply lost due to trauma or surgery.
Definition: A short-range wireless technology that allows for radio transmissions of voice or data between two devices such as tablet computers or smartphones.
Definition: A group of individuals that represent stakeholders (shareholders in the case of a publicly traded company) and establish high-level management practices involving dividend policy, executive hiring and firing, executive pay, etc.
Definition: Accidents that occur on commercial or recreational watercraft such as canoes, commuter boats, yachts, or fishing boats. For shipping or naval accidents see 'Maritime accidents.'
Definition: Piercings of a part of the human body for the purpose of wearing jewelry in the opening created. Includes openings of new piercing studios, advice on body piercings and associated health concerns. For tattoos see "Tattoos".
Definition: The arts of book production: bookbinding, letterpress printing, paper marbling, typography, and related fields. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: Literary works, including fiction, nonfiction, and poetry; events focused on such works; and the creators of these works. Also see "Creative writing".
Definition: The military forces that guard and control a nation's borders. Includes the adminstration, leadership, funding and overall strategy and planning for those forces. For overall administration, strategy and planning for border security, see "Border security".
Definition: The high-level activities of securing a nation's land and water-bound borders. Includes the administration, leadership, funding, and overall strategy and planning for securing a country's borders.
Definition: A planned space where trees, shrubs and flowers are grown for public display. Includes events at, as well as openings and closings of botanical gardens.
Definition: The study of plant life. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Forestry" for the science of the management and conservation of forests.
Definition: A form of protest whereby a person or group actively refuses to buy a product, use a service or participate in an activity, usually for moral or political reasons.
Definition: The crash of a chartered plane carrying Brazilian soccer team Chapecoense into a hillside near Medellin, Colombia on November 28, 2016. The plane was carrying the team to the finals of the Copa Sudamericana against Colombian soccer team Atletico Nacional. The crash killed 75 people. There were six survivors. The British Aerospace 146 short-haul plane was operated by the charter airline LaMia, a company that started off as a regional operator in Venezuela but later relocated to Bolivia.
Definition: Business establishments where the brewing, selling and consumption of beer occurs at the same site. Includes openings and closing of brewpubs, events held at brewpubs and reviews of brewpubs.
Definition: A direct vote of the electorate of the United Kingdom and Gibraltar to determine whether the UK should remain a member of the European Union. Scheduled for June 23, 2016.
Definition: Illegal acts of offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of something of value for the purpose of influencing the actions of another person, often an official or public figure, for the perpetrator's benefit.
Definition: Dissemination of audio entertainment content, news, and information via wireless terrestrial broadcast. Programs are generally episodic and broadcast on an announced schedule. See "Radio broadcasting" for industry content. See "Radio programs" for specific genres.
Definition: Dissemination of video entertainment content, news, and information via wireless terrestrial broadcast. Programs are generally episodic and shown on an announced schedule. See "Television broadcasting" for industry content. See "Television programs" for specific genres.
Definition: Terrorist attacks on Brussels, Belgium on March 22, 2016. The attacks involved two explosion at Brussels Airport and one explosion at Maelbeek metro station.
Definition: Low-cost travel for personal or business reasons. Includes ways to save on transportation, accommodations and attractions. See also "Travel deals".
Definition: Government regulations and standards for the safety of buildings and other structures. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of structural standards. For measures taken by a government to influence or control the construction industry, see "Construction industry regulation".
Definition: Sudden structural failures or cave-ins of buildings or portions of buildings (walls, roofs) such as apartment complexes, hotels or office structures.
Definition: Accidental explosions in residential or commercial buildings, usually due to accidental ignition of boilers, stoves or other heating sources, often resulting in injury, loss of life or evacuation. For explosions during armed conflicts or wars, see 'Bombings' or 'War and unrest.'
Definition: The production of fencing, glass, doors, plumbing fixtures and supplies, electrical supplies, prefabricated buildings and kits, kitchen and bath cabinets and countertops and other products to be installed in buildings.
Definition: Illegal acts of unlawfully and often forcefully entering a building, vehicle, store or other enclosure with the intention of stealing property or money.
Definition: Passenger travel by bus as it pertains to the bus riders. Includes low-cost bus services and announcements of the starting, ending and expansion of bus services.
Definition: A formal set of rules specifying an acceptable manner of dress at a particular business location, or while conducting business for an organization.
Definition: All commercial, industrial, financial and economic activities involving individuals, corporations, financial markets, governments and other organizations across all countries and regions.
Definition: Persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of a national government and act as official advisers. Covers actions of the cabinet as a whole and appointments, nominations and resignations. Does not include individual actions of each department head in the course of doing that department's work. For individual U.S. executive departments see the Organization terms for each department.
Definition: Dissemination of video entertainment content, news, and information via wireless cable. Programs are generally episodic and shown on an announced schedule. See "Television broadcasting" for industry content. See "Television programs" for specific genres.
Definition: Annual literary award presented by the American Library Association's Association for Library Service to Children to the illustrator of the most distinguished American picture book for children.
Definition: Financial donations to political candidates' election campaigns. Includes instances of campaign contributions and contribution laws and associated violations.
Definition: Legislative efforts to revise regulations pertinent to the role of money in political campaigns. Includes legislative activities and political debating around campaign finance reform.
Definition: Coordinated efforts by political parties, candidates and pressure groups to influence voting in an election. Includes campaign finance, campaign laws, campaign advertising and the campaign activities of particular candidates.
Definition: Recreational activity in which participants live outdoors, often in the wilderness, usually using tents, trailers, or motor homes. Includes camping equipment, facilities, guides and events.
Definition: An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market.
Definition: The act of purchasing a car for individual or household use. Includes how-to information, advice on particular models, advice on new or used car buying, financing and insurance.
Definition: The temporary use of an automobile for a set sum and for short periods of time ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. Includes new automobile models being offered at rental agencies, car rental deals and rental car policies.
Definition: Travel for business or pleasure where the mode of transportation is a car. Includes car traveling tips, car traveling safety and holiday car trips.
Definition: A balance between the amount of carbon emitted and the amount that is either sequestered or made up for through the purchase of carbon credits.
Definition: A financial tool in which a polluting entity monetarily supports a project that reduces greenhouse gas emissions in one location to offset their emissions in another location.
Definition: A family of games involving the use of cards that are either traditional or specific to a particular game. Includes recreational card game clubs and events and online card games.
Definition: Issues and concerns in providing shelter, sustenance, or health care for one's parents -- especially those who are unable to care for themselves.
Definition: A condition characterized by pain, weakness or numbness in the wrist and hand, often caused by excessive repetitive motions that result in the compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel.
Definition: Businesses that produce prepared meals, typically for a particular event, that can be served in the caterer's own premises or at another location chosen by the customer.
Definition: Provision of food and related services at an event, usually by a professional food service company. Includes advice on having a party catered, information on companies that could cater an event and highlights of events that were catered. For the catering industry, see "Catering services".
Definition: Procedures used by some political units to select nominees for a particular political party in an election. Does not refer to congressional or parliamentary caucuses.
Definition: The cessation, often temporary, of hostile activities between two warring parties or nations by mutual agreement, usually in order to negotiate peace.
Definition: The physical and mental health of famous entertainment and media personalities, including reports of disease, injuries, weight changes, and addictions.
Definition: A condition characterized by the body's inability to tolerate and digest wheat gluten, triggering an autoimmune response that results in chronic intestinal inflammation.
Definition: The study of cells, their structure, formation, components, and functions. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Official rebukes by governmental bodies of one or more of their members as well as attempts to censure. For formal charges of illegal activity against a high official of government, see "Impeachments".
Definition: Official counts of the population of a country, often accompanied by a collection of demographic data, that is typically conducted at regular intervals by the government of the country. For more details on demographic information, see specific terms under "Demographics".
Definition: A nation's principal monetary authority, such as the Federal Reserve Bank, which regulates the money supply and credit, issues currency, and manages the rate of exchange.
Definition: Art, including sculpture and decorative arts, made from earthenware or porcelain. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: Field of mathematics studying dynamical systems whose outcomes, while deterministic, are not generally predictable due to their extreme sensitivity to changes in the initial conditions. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Charlotte-Mecklenburg police officer involved in the fatal shooting of Keith Lamont Scott, a 43-year-old African-American man, at an apartment complex in Charlotte, North Carolina on September 20, 2016.
Definition: Formal statements by two or more countries granting or guaranteeing rights or privileges. Includes the formation of charters, charter announcements and the impacts of the charters.
Definition: Professional and highly-skilled preparers of food for restaurants, catering services and television cooking programs. Includes events and trends involving professional chefs such as openings of new restaurants and announcements of new cooking shows.
Definition: A form of criminal punishment whereby a male is castrated through the administration of hormonal drugs; usually used as punishment for sexual offenses such as rape or child molestation.
Definition: The use of chemical weapons or devices, such as nerve gas or chemical agents, in terrorist attacks, with the intent of causing injury or death.
Definition: The production of chemicals is an industry that is a major provider of raw materials for consumers, manufacturing, defense, and exports. End markets include consumer products, health care, construction, home furnishings, paper, textiles, paints, electronics, food, and transportation. In fact, most industries use chemicals as their key raw materials.
Definition: The science of the composition and properties of matter. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See also "Biochemistry" for the study of chemical processes and reactions within living organisms and "Geochemistry" for the study of the chemical makeup and processes of the Earth and its component parts.
Definition: Criminal acts of physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse against children. For the social issue of child abuse, see "Abuse and neglect of children."
Definition: The medical health of infants, children and teenagers, including physical and mental wellbeing, childhood diseases, and preventative care. For social issues regarding children, see "Child welfare" and narrower terms.
Definition: Supervision and care of minor children by persons other than their parents, usually as a professional service. Child care may be provided in a group facility, in the family's home, or in a provider's home. Includes facilities, providers, laws, concerns of parents, standards, child development, costs, government sponsorship or support, and related social issues. See also, "Childcare costs" and "Early childhood education".
Definition: The biological, psychological and developmental changes that occur in humans between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.
Definition: A criminal offense in which an adult exposes a child to a dangerous or harmful situation or environment, such as illegal drug use, unsupervised weapons or improper seat belt use.
Definition: Children's' nutritional and dietary concerns, including healthy eating, nutritional supplementation, and the prevention of illnesses related to poor nutrition.
Definition: Criminal acts of using children coercively in a sexual manner, such as through involving them in pornography, selling them for sex or trafficking them for sexual use.
Definition: Human bondage, in which children are treated as property and forced to work for little or no pay. Victims may also be victims of child trafficking or may have been sold into slavery by their families. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Forced labor" and "Child trafficking" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Payments made by one parent to another for the financial support of a child. Child support is a key component of family law, designed to protect the interests of a child whose parents do not share a home or custody by ensuring that the custodial parent has the resources to provide for the child. It is most frequently a component of a divorce settlement or other custody agreement. Includes all aspects of child support that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy. See also, "Family finances".
Definition: The illegal relocation of recruited or kidnapped children, within the same country or across borders, for purposes such as forced labor, prostitution, pornography, organ removal, illegal marriage or use as child soldiers. For content about trafficking adults, see "Human trafficking" or "Immigrant smuggling."
Definition: The induction of immunity to diseases in infants, children and adolescents by administering vaccines. For general immunization topics, see "Immunizations."
Definition: Any of various disorders in children that adversely affect academic and functional skills, including the ability to speak, listen, read, write, spell, reason and organize information.
Definition: The childhood condition of having too much body fat, specifically at or above the 95th percentile of BMI (Body Mass Index) for age. For general obesity topics, see "Obesity."
Definition: The celebration of the New Year with the date determined by a lunar calendar. It is celebrated by ethnic Chinese and in countries where ethnic Chinese have settled.
Definition: A disorder of unknown cause, characterized by persistent fatigue combined with symptoms such as joint and muscle pain, weakness, depression, headaches, and/or sleep disturbances.
Definition: In males, the surgical removal of the loose tissue that covers the glans of the penis for religious, cultural or health reasons. For the controversial topic of female circumcision, see "Female genital cutting."
Definition: Activities of journalism conducted by non-professionals and often disseminated via non-traditional media such as blogs, social networks, and online video.
Definition: The design and construction of public works such as bridges, tunnels, irrigation and sewage systems, levies, streets and highways, railroads, dams, runways, pipelines, etc.
Definition: Violations of an individual's unalienable rights and privileges, such as freedom of speech, religion, information, or the right to a fair trial. For general discussions of civil rights, see "Human rights and civil liberties" and its sub-sections.
Definition: Work in the civil occupations of a government at a local, state or national level, usually excluding military, judicial and elected officials. Includes governmental administration issues around civil service jobs and civil servants.
Definition: Government information for which access is limited by law or regulation to a select group of people. Includes leaks of classified information, attempts to hack into classified information, the implementation of better controls to protect classified information and the declassification of information. For federal and state laws requiring regulatory authorities' meetings, decisions and records to be made available to the public, please see "Freedom of information".
Definition: Changes in the general condition of the global atmosphere -- attributed directly or indirectly to human activity -- which result in changes to the long-term, average weather conditions of the earth. Includes the causes and effects of climate change and efforts to prevent or reduce climate change caused by human activity. For the scientific aspects of climate change, see also "Climatology".
Definition: Average weather conditions, particularly as they relate to humans and other living organisms. Includes climate change and its related issues. Does not include short-term weather forecasts which are covered by "Weather forecasts". See also "Climatology".
Definition: Mutual funds (or other collective investments) that issue a limited number of shares through an initial IPO and are then listed and traded like a stock. They do not offer and redeem shares continually, like a normal mutual fund.
Definition: A cultural and political movement practicing, advocating and defending social nudity in private and public spaces. Includes articles on nude resorts, public debate about nude beaches, local government decisions regarding clothes free beaches.
Definition: Internet-based computing services where software applications, data and programs are housed on the Internet and are available to computer users on demand. Includes various applications as well as cloud storage.
Definition: Periods of unusually cold temperatures, or instances of temperatures falling at an unusually fast rate, often requiring precautions to be taken regarding crops, commerce or health.
Definition: Acquisition of specific items based on a particular interest of the collector. These collections are often highly organized, carefully cataloged, and attractively displayed.
Definition: Sketch, stand-up, or improv comedy performance for a live or televised audience. Also see "Sitcoms", "Comedy movies", and "Romantic comedies".
Definition: Small celestial objects orbiting the Sun, generally made of ice and rock. Comets may be observed from Earth when solar radiation causes their ice to evaporate, forming a bright atmosphere and tail. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Construction of commercial and institutional buildings such as warehouses, hotels and motels, airports, arenas and stadiums, educational buildings, fire stations, prisons, libraries, museums and theaters.
Definition: Art and design for commercial purposes, including advertising, marketing, and design of manufactured products. For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: Accidental or intentionally set fires occurring in businesses such as night clubs, shopping malls or office buildings, resulting in property damage and/or death or injury. For fire-related criminal activity, see 'Arson.'
Definition: The printing of materials used for a variety of commercial purposes such as magazines, telephone books, labels, advertising brochures, catalogs, newspaper inserts, direct mail marketing pieces, corporate and other financial reports, training documentation, and business forms.
Definition: Organized market for the purchase and sale of enforceable contracts to deliver a commodity (such as wheat, gold, or cotton) or a financial instrument (such as U.S. treasury bills) at some future date.
Definition: The technologies used in transmitting and receiving messages, such as email, text messaging, mobile telephony or military communication innovations. For the physical devices used for communication, see "Consumer electronics".
Definition: A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power. The aim is to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.
Definition: Formal or informal organizations formed on the basis of residence or business ownership in a neighborhood or community, often meeting regularly or interacting in other organized fashions.
Definition: The model of correctional system that focuses on reintegrating offenders into the community, including alternatives to incarceration, diversion programs, community work or electronic monitoring.
Definition: The process of traveling from one's home to one's regular place of work and vice versa. Includes the method, distance and time duration of this travel.
Definition: Measures taken to achieve and maintain a secure computing environment or network, keeping data safe from vulnerabilities such as hacking or computer viruses.
Definition: The physical, mechanical and electrical components of a computer system, such as microprocessors, computer memory or hard drives. For peripherals such as keyboards and printers, see "Computer hardware."
Definition: Criminal activity involving the use of a computer network, such as internet scams, cyber attacks, online fraud or sexual- and/or drug-related internet crimes.
Definition: Visual displays that allow a user to interact with a computer. Includes reviews of monitors, as well as technological advances in screen resolution and performance.
Definition: Personal computers, computer parts and peripherals that comprise a part of a computer system, such as laptops, mice and keyboards, or printers and scanners. For the mechanical and electrical components that are internal to a computer's functioning, see "Computer components."
Definition: The production of electronic devices that print text, graphics, images etc on paper and electronic devices that produce digital representations of images for data transmission into a computer.
Definition: Computers dedicated to run specialized computing services for other computing systems and users, usually over a network such as an intranet or the Internet.
Definition: Software designed to maliciously infiltrate a computer system via the Internet, email or USB device and to replicate itself once installed. Computer viruses and worms cause harm such as damaging data, or corrupting program or memory function.
Definition: Technologies related to computers, computation and computerized manipulation of information, such as internet technology, computer components and software or artificial intelligence.
Definition: Buildings or complexes in which units of property, such as apartments, are owned by individuals and common parts of the property, such as the grounds and building structure, are owned jointly by the unit owners. Includes the buying and selling of condos and co-ops.
Definition: Mandatory enrollment in military service. Includes decisions to implement, reinstitute or eliminate military drafts, viewpoints on drafts and the impacts of having or not having military drafts.
Definition: The branch of biological science concerned with the conservation, management, and protection of vulnerable species, populations, and ecosystems.
Definition: A political philosophy or attitude emphasizing respect for traditional institutions, distrust of government activism, and opposition to sudden change in the established order.
Definition: Changes to the written document that codifies the fundamental principles of a political state. Includes proposals and debates to change a constitution as well as the process for implementing an amendment.
Definition: Systems, often codified in a written document, which establish the fundamental principles by which political states are governed. Includes the establishment of or revisions and amendments to a constitution as well as debates around and interpretations of constitutions. For the policies, laws and regulations that a political state establishes in adherence with its Constitution, see "Government policy" and "Government laws and regulations".
Definition: The construction of buildings and the design, development, and utilization of machines, materials, instruments, structures, processes, and systems.
Definition: Establishments that contract to construct buildings or portions of them. Some contractors focus on an area of specialty such as plumbing, building foundation laying, flooring and tiling.
Definition: The production of concrete, glass, lumber, steel, stone, drywall, bricks, aggregate, asphalt and other materials used in the construction of the structure of a building.
Definition: The production of electronic equipment designed to transmit, receive or reproduce sound such as stereo equipment, speaker systems, jukeboxes, and amplifiers for musical instruments and public address systems.
Definition: Various banking services, such as home loans, savings or retirement accounts, conducted directly with consumers rather than other banking institutions or corporations.
Definition: The production of electronic equipment designed to receive or reproduce visual images such as DVD players and records, televisions and camcorders and other types of video cameras.
Definition: Securities, most often a bond or a preferred stock, that the holder can exchange, at their option, for a different security, often shares of the company's common stock.
Definition: The preparation of food. Includes recipes, menu planning, cookbooks, cooking equipment, and how-to information on preparing specific types of food.
Definition: The act of illegally obtaining a company's trade secrets to benefit their competitors. Acts of corporate espionage can involve two competing companies as well as foreign companies or governments.
Definition: Donations of profits or resources by corporations to non-profit organizations or other charitable projects. See "Individual giving" for donations by individuals.
Definition: Managing a business process in a manner that meets the society's ethical, legal, moral and environmental expectations and needs and has an overall positive impact on the society.
Definition: Partnership between a corporation and an event, individual or organization by which the corporation provides products, services or financial support in exchange for marketing benefits.
Definition: Corruption on the part of athletes, coaches, officials, and governing bodies, often in the form of match fixing or cover-ups of wrong-doing.
Definition: The study of the large-scale properties, origins, and evolution of the observable universe. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Illegal imitations of goods, documents, personal signatures, or items of value such as currency and works of art, that are made to look authentic for fraudulent purposes.
Definition: Government, intelligence or military measures to minimize or stop terrorist acts and to thwart the groups that perform them. Includes specific tactics and operations undertaken by governments.
Definition: Pairs of people involved in an intimate relationship. Includes relationship advice, cohabitation issues, married couples, interracial couples and same sex couples. For marriage as a social issue, see "Marriage".
Definition: Verdicts or rulings made by a judge or jury regarding the guilt or innocence of a party accused of a crime, or decisions regarding the outcome of a case based on the evidence and arguments presented.
Definition: Government bodies with the authority to hear and judge legal disputes. Covers news about the courts themselves including administration, management and personnel.
Definition: Extremely high-end, custom made clothing design. Also includes conceptual fashion designs displayed as art and not intended to be worn beyond certain special occasions. Elements of couture design are often incorporated into consumer fashion trends.
Definition: Social controversy about how and whether religious views of creation should be reconciled with evolutionary science, or whether alternatives to evolution should be advanced, especially in the arena of public education. See "Math and science education" for content specifically about science curricula. See "Evolutionary biology" for research on evolutionary processes.
Definition: Plastic card authorizing the account holder to charge purchases against a preapproved credit line. Credit cards are issued by banks, thrift institutions, retailers, gasoline companies, and other credit grantors. Many card issuers charge an Annual Fee to cover account servicing costs.
Definition: Crimes committed against children that include physical or sexual abuse, assault, exploitation, neglect, endangerment or mistreatment. For the social issue of child abuse or mistreatment, see "Abuse and neglect of children" and "Children's rights."
Definition: Reckless criminal acts in which a person is put at risk of injury or death because of another's careless, neglectful or inattentive actions.
Definition: The administration, legislation or policies surrounding the system by which penalties are imposed upon criminals for their wrongdoing. For reports of actual punishments handed down, see 'Sentencing.'
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in operating passenger ships used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are considered an essential part of the experience.
Definition: Unforeseen negative incidents involving passenger vessels used for pleasure voyages such as collisions, groundings, sinkings, or passengers or crew falling overboard.
Definition: Ship voyages for pleasure. Includes announcements of new cruise destinations, cruise deals and announcements of launching of new cruise line ships. See also "Cruise ship accidents".
Definition: The study of ciphers and the making and breaking of ciphers and codes. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Institutions offering instruction in professional food preparation and presentation. Includes administration, accreditation, curricula, facilities, faculty, and experiences of students and recent graduates.
Definition: An inherited condition characterized by difficulty breathing due to mucus buildup in the lungs, faulty digestion and excessive loss of salt through perspiration.
Definition: Grassroots protests of a planned oil pipeline in the United States that would begin in northwest North Dakota, run through South Dakota and Iowa and end in southern Illinois. The protests began in spring 2016.
Definition: Sudden breaks in or collapses of the barriers constructed across waterways for the purposes of retaining water, usually resulting in flooding and/or property damage.
Definition: The right to keep one's personal data and information private, particularly with regard to technology -- for example, on the internet or on a cellphone.
Definition: A form of courtship in which couples assess one another's suitability as an intimate partner. Includes trends in dating, online dating and speed dating.
Definition: The behaviors, beliefs, values, shared institutions and traditions of deaf people who communicate via sign language. Sometimes includes hearing people who sign. Includes education, fundraising, technology and activism for the deaf.
Definition: The medical care and concerns surrounding patients at the end of their lives, including palliative care, advance directives and coping with grief.
Definition: Public debate regarding the use of execution as a judicial punishment for criminal acts. Includes the various methods of execution and the legality of such executions in different jurisdictions and circumstances.
Definition: Functional and ornamental household objects as art, with an emphasis on handmade items. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists. See "Arts and crafts" for hobbyist content.
Definition: Financial resource allocations by a legislature for a nation's self-defense purposes. Includes hearings and other legislative discussions on where to appropriate funds.
Definition: Formal agreements between a government and a business for the provision of products or services to the military. Includes announcements of the awarding of contracts and controversies involving specific agreements.
Definition: The production of electronics and systems used by the military such as propulsion systems, aircraft safety systems, augmented reality systems, automatic identification and data collection systems, defense robotics, military communications equipment, navigational instruments, radio frequency identification equipment, security systems, sensors, simulation and training systems and surveillance systems.
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government for defending itself against enemies. Includes the creation and implementation of defense policy. For government rules concerning the internal management and conduct of a country's military and its personnel, see "Military regulations".
Definition: The production of robotic systems for military purposes such as unmanned aerial vehicles, robots for identifying and destroying land mines, submarine mine destruction vehicles, sonar detection robots, anchored sonar systems and remotely operated terrestrial systems.
Definition: A widespread and prolonged decrease in consumer prices due to a decline in the availability of currency and credit. Deflation impacts personal incomes, corporate profits, housing values and investments.
Definition: A form of government where all the state's decisions are exercised directly or indirectly by a majority of its citizenry through a fair elective process.
Definition: Analysis of the characteristics of human populations, often represented as statistics and trends. See "Demographic groups" for specific populations of interest.
Definition: A mood disorder characterized by feelings of extreme sadness or hopelessness, a decrease in the desire to be active and involved, sleeping and eating disturbances or suicidal thoughts.
Definition: Breeds, such as dogs and cats, created through the intentional crossbreeding of two purebred parents. Includes the licensing and adoption of and controversies involving crossbred pets.
Definition: Enterprise software is software that solves an enterprise problem. Desktop software is software that runs on a client level vs. a server level.
Definition: Organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development, social progress and eliminating poverty.
Definition: Any of a number of conditions wherein normal human cognitive, emotional, social, or psychological development is altered, slowed or arrested.
Definition: A metabolic disorder characterized by the body's inability to produce enough insulin, or to properly metabolize the insulin that is produced, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar.
Definition: Any of various medical tests or procedures used to identify a disease or condition, or to ascertain the presence of certain substances or elements within the body. Examples include colonoscopy, mammograms, ultrasound, HIV screening, hearing tests and paternity tests.
Definition: A medical treatment administered to renal disease patients in which a machine is used to replace kidney function by filtering the patients' blood outside of the body.
Definition: The process or business of extracting gem stones from the ground - precious or semiprecious stones that may be used as a jewel when cut and polished.
Definition: The regulated selection of foods for health or cosmetic reasons and physical activity to promote fitness. Includes information and advice for the general public on dieting and types of diets, exercise and weight management.
Definition: The gap between people or communities who have reliable access to the internet and digital information technologies, and those who lack it.
Definition: Technologies designed to enable the owners of digital media content to retain and enforce their copyright control by managing how and when their content can be used by others.
Definition: Companies that provide services for sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Definition: Social gatherings at which dinner is served. Includes advice on hosting dinner parties, dinner party etiquette and recipes for dinner party food.
Definition: Extinct group of reptiles and other vertebrates that were the dominant animals on Earth during the Mesozoic era. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Negotiations and other strategic interactions between representatives of nations or groups of nations. Includes the progress of talks between diplomats, threats against and kidnappings of diplomats and leaks of diplomatic cables. For structures housing the offices of diplomatic representatives, see "Embassies".
Definition: Improvised explosive devices containing radioactive material that are designed to spread radioactive contamination over a wide area; often used in terrorist activities.
Definition: Insurance policies or other plans offered by employers, which provide benefits in the event that an employee is unable to continue working due to disability.
Definition: The preparation, planning for or response to natural or man-made disasters and emergencies such as flooding, earthquakes, oil spills, terrorist attacks or epidemics. For news about disaster responses by governmental bodies, as well as governmental preparation and disaster funding, see "Emergency management" in the Government and politics vocabulary.
Definition: Expenditures by an individual that are not part of normal costs of living, such as shelter, food, health, insurance, etc. Usually refers to pleasure or luxury expenses.
Definition: Adverse medical conditions affecting one or more body parts, organs, tissues or bodily systems, caused by internal (i.e. congenital defects) or external (i.e. infections) factors.
Definition: Course of instruction provided to students who are not physically present in a classroom. Most often refers to Internet-based programs, but may also include correspondence through regular mail.
Definition: A range of consumer and commercially-oriented companies offering a wide variety of products and services, including various lending products (such as home equity loans and credit cards), insurance, and securities and investment products.
Definition: Legal dissolution of a marriage and any separations of a married couple that may lead to a legal dissolution. Includes all aspects of divorce that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy. See "Divorce costs" for personal finance aspects of divorce. See also, "Child custody" and "Child support".
Definition: Illegal imitations of documents of value such as checks, deeds, pharmaceutical prescriptions, or of personal signatures on these documents.
Definition: Nonfiction films presenting some aspect of history, current events, science, or a social issue. For episodic television shows, see "Television programs", "Nature programs", or "TV news".
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act¶
Definition: Criminal acts of physical violence (such as hitting, stabbing or using a gun to inflict harm) by one family member (often a spouse or domestic partner) towards another. For the social impact of domestic assaults, see "Domestic violence."
Definition: Surveillance by a country of communications and other other activities conducted or initiated within its borders including surveillance of its own citizens. Includes instances of domestic spying and legislative and legal action around domestic spying. For information that is significant to the planning and conduct of another country's military doctrine, policy, and operations, see "Military intelligence".
Definition: Physical or emotional abuse inflicted by a spouse or domestic partner. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Domestic assault" for individual criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Attempts by governing bodies and governments to define and prevent doping, most often by regulating the supplements and medications used by athletes.
Definition: A congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome in the genetic makeup and characterized by developmental delays, mental retardation and abnormal facial features.
Definition: The shooting down of a Russian fighter jet by Turkey over northwestern Syria, near the Turkish border, on November 24, 2015. Turkey said the plane violated its airspace and ignored repeated warnings.
Definition: Two-dimensional art in pencil, pen and ink, pastels, chalk, charcoal, marker, or other media not applied with a brush. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists. See "Painting" for two-dimensional art using wet media and applied with a brush.
Definition: A formal set of rules specifying an acceptable manner of dress. Includes dress codes for schools and places of employment, and gender-specific dress codes.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control the operation of various types of automotive vehicles. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of these measures.
Definition: Unmanned aerial vehicles, whose flight is controlled remotely by users or autonomously by computers, used for various civilian or military purposes such as photography, product delivery, government surveillance or warfare. For drone manufacturing in an industrial context, see "Unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturing." For drones in policy or combat contexts, see "Drone surveillance and warfare."
Definition: A government's efforts to launch military attacks or track the actions, behavior and other characteristics of domestic or foreign individuals and groups through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Includes specific incidents of the governmental use of drones and controversy, policy, laws and regulations around the use of drones by government for defense purposes. For all types of government surveillance see "Government surveillance".
Definition: Prolonged periods of a water shortages or lack of rainfall in a given region, often resulting in loss of crops and livestock, and adversely affecting human populations.
Definition: Chronic physical or psychological dependence on psychoactive substances such as narcotics or prescription medication. For addiction as a social issue, see "Addiction and substance abuse."
Definition: Illegal organizations formed to promote, produce, control, traffic and distribute illicit narcotics. Includes all activities by and related to these organizations.
Definition: Requests to return to the maker a batch or an entire production run of a pharmaceutical product, usually due to the discovery of safety issues.
Definition: The reduction or failure of effectiveness of a drug or medication to eradicate a virus, bacteria or other harmful agent, due to those pathogens developing a resistance to the drug.
Definition: Storms characterized by strong and damaging winds that lift up clouds of dust or sand, covering wide areas, usually resulting in hampered travel and poor visibility.
Definition: Medium-sized celestial bodies that are not moons and are not massive enough to be called planets. Pluto and Ceres are among the currently known dwarf planets. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Buying and selling products and services over electronic systems or networks, usually the Internet. Includes e-commerce site profiles, usage statistics and electronic transaction technologies.
Definition: Interactions between government entities and citizens, businesses and/or other governments over electronic systems or networks, usually the Internet. Includes various reports of government activities over the Internet and citizen access to government.
Definition: Extinct hominids that were evolutionary ancestors of modern humans. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: A company's comment on its future financial performance. Earnings outlook is included in publicly-traded companies' annual reports (SEC Form 10-K)
Definition: The sciences studying the Earth and its components. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Significant seismic activity that causes the ground to shake violently, often resulting in evacuations, property damage, injuries and/or casualties.
Definition: A Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox. The Eastern Orthodox church uses a different calendar to calculate the date of Easter.
Definition: A psychological condition characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, such as binging and purging, that have adverse physical and emotional health effects.
Definition: An alignment of two celestial bodies with the sun, such that one body casts a shadow on the other. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Activities, strategies, and inventions that allow individuals or businesses to use less energy, save resources, and have less impact on the environment. See also "Corporate social responsibility".
Definition: The actions of a national, state or local government to influence its economy. Includes policy creation and implementation of economic policy.
Definition: Action by a government to generate economic activity. Such action could include tax cuts and rebates, tax incentives for businesses, financial assistance to certain industries and increased government spending on discretionary programs.
Definition: Terrorism, sabotage or violent tactics committed against corporations, organizations or individuals in support of environmental or animal rights causes.
Definition: Tourism involving travel to areas of natural or ecological interest for the purpose of observing wildlife and learning about the environment.
Definition: The cost of education to the consumer, typically students and parents, including financial aid and scholarships. See "Sending children to college" for financial considerations for parents who have children going to college. See "College savings plans" for plans, either informal or part of an established program, to save or invest money for future college tuition.
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government for educating its populace. Includes primary, secondary and higher education. Includes the creation and implementation of education policy.
Definition: Measurements of student achievement designed to determine the quality of education provided, especially for purposes of comparing educational institutions on a local, state, or national level.
Definition: The processes of teaching and learning in an institutional setting, including all topics related to the establishment and management of educational institutions. See "Educational services" for industry news.
Definition: The crash of an EgyptAir flight from Paris, France to Cairo, Egypt in the Mediterranean Sea near the Greek island of Karpathos on May 19, 2016. There were 66 people on board including 56 passengers and 10 crew members.
Definition: Physical and emotional abuse directed at the elderly. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Assault and battery" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Formal processes in which electoral votes are retabulated when results of the first count are very close. Includes reasons for a recount as well as results of a recount.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates to hold a public office or to decide on referendum questions and propositions. Includes various types of elections, political campaigns, caucuses, the electoral college, candidate endorsements, political conventions and the voting process itself. For political appointments see "Government appointments and nominations".
Definition: Optional surgical procedures that change one's physical appearance for cosmetic, not medical, reasons. Includes trends in cosmetic surgery, local medical practices that provide elective procedures and health concerns associated with the procedures. For the health-related aspects of procedures done for medical and cosmetic reasons, see "Plastic and cosmetic surgery".
Definition: A group of electors selected to cast ballots for a candidate for office. When an electoral college is in use, voters are actually voting for electors from their political unit who will then typically cast ballots in line with the results from voters.
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in arranging, facilitating, or coordinating the transmission of electricity from the generating source to the distribution centers, other electric utilities, or final consumers. The distribution system consists of lines, poles, meters, and wiring that deliver the electricity to final consumers.
Definition: The production of apparatus, appliances, devices, wiring, fixtures, fittings, and material used as a part of or in connection with an electrical installation.
Definition: The production of electronic parts and equipment such as diodes, connectors, transmitters, computer chips, switches, antennas, modems, condensers, resistors and transformers.
Definition: Structures housing the offices of diplomatic representatives of a nation. The buildings are typically located in the capital city of the host nation. For the activities of diplomatic representatives, see "Diplomacy".
Definition: The fraudulent and criminal misappropriation of a company or organization's assets (money or property) by a person or persons entrusted with those assets.
Definition: Efforts on the part of a national, state or local government to prepare for or respond to widespread disasters, natural or manmade. Covers government administrative issues around emergency management. For additional emergency management coverage including non-governmental emergency planning and response, see "Disaster planning and response".
Definition: The right of a government to take private property for public use. Includes legislation, legal proceedings and protests around the government seizure of private property.
Definition: The nation's non-farm workers and jobless population rates. Average weekly claims for state unemployment insurance. Help-wanted advertising figures.
Definition: Parents whose children all have grown and left home. Includes advice for empty nesters, profiles of empty nesters and adult children moving back to their empty nester parents' homes.
Definition: The production and consumption of energy, as it relates to the environment and environmental issues.Includes alternative energy sources, energy efficiency and conservation and the impact of energy-related facilities on the environment.
Definition: Efforts by a government to control or influence the energy and utilties industries. Covers such issues as oil and gas exploration, extraction and refining; electric, gas and water utilities; nuclear regulation; energy conservation and energy efficiency.
Definition: All of the industries involved in the production and sale of energy, including fuel extraction, manufacturing fuel and refining, and fuel distribution. Modern society consumes large amounts fuel, and the energy industry is a crucial part of the infrastructure and maintenance of society in almost all countries.
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government to address issues of energy production, distribution and consumption. Includes the creation and implementation of energy policy.
Definition: Financial assistance granted by a government to the energy industry to help increase income. Typically conducted through price level supports or direct payments.Includes announcements of the establishment of subsidy programs, analysis of the pros and cons of subsidies and the ending of specific subsidy programs.
Definition: Providing hospitality to guests, usually in the form of food, drink and activity. Includes information on hosting dinner parties, planning for a variety of types of parties, and catering. For specific types of parties, see Parties and its narrower terms.
Definition: Technologies related to and used in the entertainment and media fields, such as digital cinema, audio or visual production, gaming or 3-D technologies.
Definition: Movies, music, television, books, and other forms of amusement or diversion. Includes the lives and activities of celebrities and other people responsible for the creation of this content.
Definition: The natural or physical world, and especially the relationship between nature (ecosystems, wildlife, the atmosphere, water, land, etc.) and human beings. Includes the effects of human activities on the environment and vice versa, as well as the management of nature by humans. May also include discussions of the natural world that are unrelated to humans or human activity.
Definition: Active participation by citizens in efforts to solve environmental problems and resource issues. Includes the efforts of specific individuals and groups. Includes the efforts of specific individuals and groups, but generally not those of major, established environmental organizations, unless specifically about promoting citizen activism.
Definition: Efforts to preserve and renew natural resources to benefit the environment itself and humans. Includes the efforts of individuals and various organizations such as governmental and non-profit groups.
Definition: Public awareness and knowledge of the environment and ways to help conserve and preserve it. For environmental science, see "Enviromental science".
Definition: The branch of public health concerned with how human health is affected by risk factors in the environment, such as exposure to lead paint, secondhand smoke or asbestos.
Definition: Formal processes in which a proposed project (e.g., a construction project) is evaluated for its possible positive or negative impacts on the environment.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control human interaction with the natural environment. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of these measures. For a government's overall plan or course of action with regard to managing the impact of human activities on the environment, see "Environmental policy".
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to managing the impact of human activities on the environment. Includes the creation and implementation of environmental policy. For laws and regulations involving the environment, see "Environmental laws and regulations".
Definition: The study of the interactions among the physical, chemical and biological components of the environment. See also specific types of science in the Science vocabulary.
Definition: Formal, binding agreements between two or more states, dealing with environmental policies and practices such as pollution control and protection of wildlife. Covers negotation, agreement on and implementaton of the treaties as well as their impacts. See also Environmental laws and regulations" and "Environmental policy".
Definition: The conditions and properties of the natural world, especially with regard to the health of ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them. Includes content about both preservation and degradation of the environment, as well as human efforts to understand, measure, and regulate the effects of human activity on the environment.
Definition: The outbreak of a disease, disorder or condition among members of a population, in numbers higher than expected for the given population and within a given period of time.
Definition: A sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to achieve or sustain penile erection sufficient enough for intercourse or ejaculation.
Definition: The illegal practice of obtaining, without permission, confidential military, political, commercial, or other secret information by means of spies or monitoring devices.
Definition: Planning for the transfer of one's assets to chosen beneficiaries before or after one's death. Includes writing a will, establishing trusts, granting power of attorney, etc.
Definition: The process of making ethanol fuel. Ethanol fuel is a biofuel alternative to gasoline. It can be combined with gasoline in any concentration up to pure ethanol (E100). Anhydrous ethanol, that is, ethanol with at most 1% water, can be blended with gasoline in varying quantities to reduce consumption of petroleum fuels and in attempts to reduce air pollution.
Definition: Ethical questions related to the use of animals in scientific research, including the procedures and policies used to protect their wellbeing.
Definition: The practices and behaviors prescribed by social convention. Includes discussion of socially acceptable behavior in a variety of situations.
Definition: Debt contracts that record the borrower’s obligation to pay interest at a given rate and the principal amount on certain dates. Euro bonds are denominated in a currency other than that of the the country in which it was issued.
Definition: A large influx of migrants and refugees into the European Union that began in 2015. The migrants and refugees, entering via the Mediterranean Sea or Southeast Europe, come from areas such as the MIddle East, Africa, South Asia and the Western Balkans.
Definition: Evacuations of people or animals away from locations or events deemed dangerous or unsafe due to disasters or emergencies such as chemical leaks, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, fires or flooding.
Definition: United States federal law governing primary and secondary public education policy signed into law by President Barack Obama on December 10, 2015. It replaces No Child Left Behind, the 20001 reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
Definition: The study of the evolutionary processes connecting the origins of life to contemporary life forms. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws. Covers the branch itself but not specific actions of the cabinet or individual cabinet-level departments. For articles on the cabinet as a whole, see "Cabinets". For articles on individual executive-level departments, see the Organization terms for the departments.
Definition: Physical activity to promote fitness. Includes advice for staying fit, gym etiquette, and information about specific forms of exercising such as weight training, aerobics, yoga and pilates. For the achievement and maintenance of good physical health, especially as it pertains to prevention or management of disease, see also "Physical fitness".
Definition: Animals considered wild and exotic that are kept as pets, such as primates, wolves, alligators and kangaroos. Includes trends, safety issues and controversies concerning exotic pets.
Definition: Accidental explosions in non-combat environments such as chemical plants, mine shafts, residential or commercial buildings, usually resulting in injury, loss of life or evacuation. For explosions during armed conflicts or wars, see 'Bombings' or 'War and unrest.'
Definition: A family group that consists of parents, children, grandparents and/or other close relatives such as aunts, uncles and cousins. Includes family reunions and special relationships between extended family members.
Definition: Criminal acts of illegally obtaining money, property or services from a person by means of intimidation, force or coercion; criminal acts of expressing aggressive intent to harm or put in imminent danger.
Definition: The process by which a criminal suspect held by one government or state is handed over to another government or state for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence.
Definition: An organized social partnership promoting equitable labor standards and environmentalism. The movement primarily focuses on exports from developing to developed countries.
Definition: Events of celebration often focusing on a particular theme and featuring rides, games, food, music and merchants or craftspeople selling their wares. Includes announcements of and preparations for fairs and festivals. See also "Film festivals" and "Music festivals".
Definition: Criminal acts of intentionally falsifying or untruthfully reporting financial documents, for example in order to hide assets or mislead investors.
Definition: All financial considerations associated with sustaining a family. Most often refers to a single household, but can include costs associated with family members who live elsewhere.
Definition: Get-togethers of families for reunions, celebrations and other events. Includes advice on organizing or attending a family gathering and profiles of specific family reunions.
Definition: The branch of medicine concerned with providing comprehensive and continuing general health care to individuals of all ages, often with emphasis on the family unit.
Definition: Competition in which sports fans act as owners of fictional teams made up of real athletes from a given league. The athletes' real-world statistics are combined to determine each owner's points in the competition.
Definition: Design of clothing and accessories, focusing on the design aspects. Includes celebrity fashion and fashion shows. See "Fashion" for consumer trends. See "Apparel manufacturing" for industry content.
Definition: Fashion events staged to present a designer's new collection to customers, retailers, and the media, or as spectacles for charity fundraising or other purposes.
Definition: The prevailing styles and customs of dress or adornment in a particular time or place, especially as they relate to the end consumer. Includes the latest fashions for women, men, children and pets; fashion shows; fashion magazines and couture. For the design aspects of fashion, see "Fashion design". For the manufacturing of clothing and accessories, see "Textile, apparel and accessories manufacturing".
Definition: Political and social movement advocating women's equality with men - particularly equal rights under the law - and seeking to end gender-based discrimination. Includes all aspects of the feminist movement, feminist activism, and criticism of feminism. See "Women's rights" for the rights of women and girls outside of the context of feminism. See "Gender discrimination" for acts of gender-based discrimination.
Definition: Unforeseen negative incidents involving passenger ferries such as collisions, groundings, capsizings, or passengers or crew falling overboard.
Definition: The production of fertilizer - any of a large number of natural and synthetic materials, including manure and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compounds, spread on or worked into soil to increase its capacity to support plant growth.
Definition: A combination of birth defects caused by excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy, characterized by head and face abnormalities, mental retardation, developmental disabilities and/or impaired growth.
Definition: A chronic condition of uncertain cause characterized by pain and stiffness in the muscles, joints and tendons, often accompanied by fatigue, headaches and sleep disturbances.
Definition: Uses of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action on a proposal. Includes plans for filibustering and the act itself.
Definition: Professional adviser offering financial counsel. Some financial advisers charge a fee and earn commissions on the products they recommend to implement their advice. Other advisers only charge fees, and do not sell any products or accept commissions.
Definition: A disruption of financial markets in which a restricted flow of credit to households and businesses negatively impacts the real economy of goods and services.
Definition: Professionals who provide advice and education on personal financial issues, including help with the establishment of a financial plan and advice on investment options.
Definition: Technologies, innovations or software used in the financial services industry, such as quantitative finance software or computer-assisted trading techniques.
Definition: The industry and related organizations that deal with the management of money. Banks, investment banks, insurance companies, credit card companies, government sponsored enterprises, and stock brokerages, are examples of the types of firms comprising the industry, which provides a variety of money and investment related services.
Definition: Accidental or intentionally set fires occurring in places such as buildings, vehicles or in the wild that result in property damage and/or death or injury. For fire-related criminal activity, see 'Arson.'
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government with regard to budgetary issues that influence the economy. Includes policy creation and implementation of fiscal policy. For an overall plan or course of action by a government, its central bank or other monetary authority to influence the willingness of consumers and businesses to spend money on products and services, see "Monetary policy".
Definition: Savings accounts provided by employers, to which employees can contribute a portion of their earnings to pay for certain expenses. The contributions are not subject to payroll taxes.
Definition: A work schedule for which the employee decides the hours they will work. Employees may work a shortened work week such as four ten hour days.
Definition: Unforeseen and damaging flooding due to events such as natural disasters, heavy rains, dam or levee breaches or water-main breaks, usually resulting in evacuation, property damage and/or injury or death.
Definition: The addition of fluoride to public water supplies for the purposes of reducing or preventing tooth decay in the targeted population or community.
Definition: A form of vitamin B that aids in the body's production of red blood cells and nucleic acid; often prescribed to pregnant women to prevent fetal neural tube defects.
Definition: The preparation and enjoyment of foods and beverages. Includes types of cuisine, cooking, reviews and other information on dining and drinking establishments, food shopping, trends, and chefs. For industry-related articles see "Food, beverage and tobacco production" and "Food services". For the scientific study of food production, see "Food science". For food-related technology see "Agriculture and food technology".
Definition: The measures taken and practices followed to keep foods safe for ingestion by consumers, such as governmental policies and regulations, or personal habits such as washing hands and cooking at the appropriate temperature.
Definition: The scientific study of food production. Includes food safety, preservation, packaging, factory production, and marketing. See "Food manufacturing" for industry content. Also see "Food and beverage manufacturing regulation".
Definition: Efforts by a government to control or influence the food services industry including restaurants, diners, caterers and other dining services.
Definition: Retail food shopping in supermarkets, groceries and other types of food stores as it pertains to the end consumer. Includes household food budgets, strategies for shopping and food prices as they relate to the end consumer.
Definition: Foods and beverages, methods of preparing foods, and types of dining establishments that are in favor at a particular point in time. Includes foods that the general population is buying and consuming, the types of meals chefs are preparing, and cooking classes that are in vogue.
Food, beverage and tobacco products manufacturing¶
Definition: Gridiron football, including American football and Canadian football. See "Soccer" for association football, also called club football and European football. See "Rugby" for rugby football.
Definition: Criminal acts of forcing a person or persons to perform work or services without pay, against their will and often with the threat of violence, punishment or destitution.
Definition: Financial support from one nation to another for general economic development, military or diplomacy purposes. Includes decisions to grant or discontinue foreign aid. For financial or logistical help provided by one country to another that has a specific need caused by poverty, underdevelopment, natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc. see "Humanitarian assistance".
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to its relations with other countries. Includes the creation and implementation of foreign policy.
Definition: The application of scientific methods and techniques to aid in criminal investigations, such as genetic fingerprinting, ballistics or DNA analysis.
Definition: The exchanges and electronic trading systems comprising the market for Foreign Exchange including the Spot Market for currencies, Foreign Currency Futures and Options and Forward Exchange Transactions. Participants include central banks, commercial and investment banks, hedge funds, international corporations, and individual traders. The Forex operates 24 hours a day, five days a week.
Definition: Shooting at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport in Florida on January 6, 2017 in which 5 people died and eight were wounded. A suspect, Estaban Santiago, was taken into custody.
Definition: Facilities that use fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or gas, in internal combustion or combustion turbine conventional steam process to produce electric energy.
Definition: Remains and physical traces of prehistoric life forms that have been preserved in rock or have turned into rock themselves. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: A United States federal holiday celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
Definition: A contract between a manufacturer or a service organization and a dealer that gives the dealer the right to sell a specific product or provide a specific service.
Definition: Business arrangement in which an individual is granted authorization to market and sell a company's products, often by operating a branch or retail outlet for that company. McDonald's and Holiday Inn are examples of franchises.
Definition: Formal or informal community service organizations formed on the basis of a shared interest or profession, characterized by volunteerism and charitable works. See "College fraternities" and "College sororities" for campus-based service organizations.
Definition: Status of athletes whose existing contracts give them rights to negotiate with other teams. Includes league-defined negotiating periods and negotiations with individual athletes.
Definition: Laws allowing citizens access to government information. Includes freedom of information legislative activities, efforts to access government information and the blocking of access to government information. For access to government information from a social point of view, see "Freedom of information" in the Social Affairs vocabulary.
Definition: Freedom to disseminate information about current affairs without interference, censorship, or excessive monitoring from a government or other authority.
Definition: The study of living organisms in freshwater ecosystems. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. Also see "Limnology" for other aspects of freshwater environments. See "Marine biology" and "Oceanography" for the study of saltwater ecosystems and environments.
Definition: Profiles of friendships, advice on friendships and building and promoting friendships. Includes long-distance friendships, longtime friends, best friends and reunions of friends.
Definition: Persons who are fleeing from or trying to avoid capture by law enforcement, usually in relation to a crime that has allegedly been committed by them. For prison escapees, see "Prison breaks."
Definition: The production of furniture such as couches, tables, chairs and beds and home furnishings such as window dressings, linens, table cloths, placemats etc.
Definition: The production of furniture such as couches, tables, chairs and beds and home furnishings such as window dressings, linens, table cloths, placemats etc.
Definition: Portable devices used for navigation on land and/or water that use satellite signals to accurately pinpoint location. For the systems and technology involved in global positioning, see "Global positioning systems."
Definition: Immense collections of stars and other matter orbiting a gravitational center. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The industry that refers to all gambling establishments and forms of gambling - the betting or staking of something of value on the outcome of a game or event.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control the gaming industry as well as those who participate in the wagering of money or something else of material value. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of these measures.
Definition: Recreational activities in which money or items of material value is wagered. Includes casinos, lotteries, bingo halls and sports betting from the perspective of the consumer. For the gambling industry see "Gambling industry". See also "Illegal gambling" and "Gambling addiction".
Definition: Electronic systems designated specifically for use with video games, typically including a small computer device and a controller that can be connected to a television for audio and video output.
Definition: The study of strategy and behavior of human and non-human subjects in competitions and other interactions. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The production of games, electronic and non-electronic children's games, children's vehicles and other items for play primarily for children.
Definition: Activities for entertainment or amusement that are governed by rules in order to determine a winner. Includes announcements and reviews of newly-released games and game competitions. For professional sport games, see the individual sports terms.
Definition: Software that supports electronic gaming or video games - games that typically involves user/player interaction with a controller interface to generate visual feedback on a video screen.
Definition: Criminal organizations engaged to varying degrees in illegal activities, often including violence, intimidation, drug trafficking, and human trafficking. Focuses on the social impact of such organizations and their actions, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of former members. See "Gang-related crime" for criminal cases and trials. See "Youth violence" for criminal violence perpetrated by young people, regardless of gang affiliation.
Definition: The growing of plants by people as a hobby, for the purpose of aesthetics or food. Includes how-to information for gardeners, gardening equipment, and gardening clubs and shows.
Definition: Social problems, controversies, and debates arising from human gender differences, including gender roles, gender identity, gender disparities, discrimination, and the nature of gender itself. See "Feminism" for the political and social movement advocating equality for women. See "Women's rights" for the rights of women and girls.
Definition: Elections in which all or most political constituencies vote for candidates. Typically held once a year. Voters are making their final choice for office, as opposed to primary elections in which they choose their party's candidate to run in the general election. Includes general election campaigns, laws and voting. For the specific types of elections included in a general election, see "House elections", "Local elections", "National elections", "Senate elections" and "State elections."
Definition: Events and incidents that are covered as they happen and develop, and which do not fit easily into another category. Includes most content about accidents, disasters, war, unrest, crime, legal proceedings, missing persons, bodies found and similar occurrences. The scope of General News is somewhat flexible and may include other types of content that are not easily categorizable.
Definition: Analysis of characteristics common to individuals born within a common time frame and tracked collectively as they age. See "Seniors" for older people of any generation.
Definition: Modification of the genetic material in a living organism by directly adding, removing, or deactivating specific genes. Includes profiles of scientists, research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Research conducted in the scientific field of heredity, often with the goal of establishing treatments and therapies for illnesses. For genetics in a more general or scientific context, see "Genetics" and its narrower terms. For the diagnostic test, see "Genetic testing."
Definition: The study of genes and their role in inheritance, adaptation, and development in living organisms. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The study of the full DNA sequences of living organisms, including efforts to map full genomes. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Outdoor treasure-hunting activities in which the participants use a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or other navigational techniques to hide and seek containers (called "geocaches" or "caches") anywhere in the world.
Definition: The study of the chemical makeup and processes of the Earth and its component parts. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The study of the Earth's material properties, structures, and physical processes. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The application of physics to the study of the Earth, focusing on the Earth's gravitational field, magnetic field, seismology, structure, and hydrology. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Alleged collusion among New Jersey Governor Chris Christie's staff and politicial appointees to create traffic jams in Fort Lee, New Jersey, by closing lanes for the upper-level of the George Washington Bridge in September 2013. The incident is informally known as Bridgegate.
Definition: An international passenger flight that crashed in the French Alps on March 24th, 2015, enroute to Duesseldorf, Germany from Barcelona, Spain. Germanwings is wholly owned by Lufthansa.
Definition: Consumer purchase of goods and services that will be given as gifts. Includes gift ideas, announcements of gift sales and the openings and closings of gift shops.
Definition: The study of glaciers, ice sheets, and other natural ice formations. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Navigational systems that use orbiting satellites to pinpoint a location on earth. For the handheld devices that communicate with these satellites, see "GPS devices."
Definition: Foods of especially high quality, whose makers or preparers have used special effort or art in presentation or cooking. Includes gourmet restaurants and catering services, the preparation of gourmet meals at home, and the nutritional aspects of fine foods.
Definition: Financial aid given by the national or local government to a company or an industry. For help provided by one country to another country to address poverty, underdevelopment, natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc., see "Humanitarian assistance". For financial support from one nation to another for general economic development, military or diplomacy purposes, see "Foreign aid".
Definition: The activities and functions of a governing body, the administration of its internal and external affairs, and the political issues that governments confront. Includes governance of political entities at all levels (country, state, city, etc.), and all government branches (executive, judicial, legislative, military, law enforcement). Also includes international governing bodies such as the UN.
Definition: Acts or instances of appointing someone or submitting a name for candidacy to a non-elective government post or position. For the election of a person to a governmental office see "Elections".
Definition: All money, finance and industry regulation activities of national, state and local governments. Includes economic policy, government contracts, government salaries, budget and taxation, government welfare programs, central banks, unemployment insurance and nationalization.
Definition: Formal business agreements between national, state or local governments and companies. Typically for the provision of products or services to a government.
Definition: The expenditures and revenues of a national, state or local government. Includes budgets, debt and taxation and other forms of government revenue.
Definition: Funds disbursed through an application process by governments at various levels to organizations and individuals. The funds are to be used only for purposes outlined in the recipient's application. Includes announcements of the awarding of grants, violations of grant requirements, corruption in the awarding of grants and grants that had to be returned for various reasons.
Definition: Monetary compensation for elected officials and employees of the departments, bureaus and agencies of a national, state or local government. For pay following retirement see "Government pensions and social security".
Definition: Government-administered plans designed to provide pay in regular, ongoing installments to employees who are no longer working due to retirement or disability. Government pensions are for employees of a national, state or local government. Social security is for citizens who worked in either the public or private sector. For monetary compensation in general to government employees , see "Government pay".
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government for achieving its goals and for establishing accepted procedures. Covers various types of policies developed by a government including: defense, economic, education, energy, environmental, foreign, housing, immigration, science and transportation. For the laws and regulations of a government see "Government regulations" and "Laws".
Definition: Services and other activities sponsored or administered by local, state or national governments, usually to meet a social need. Covers administrative and management issues around individual programs.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control various aspects of society or businesses and the economy. Includes regulations and laws for specific topic areas, laws being the primary legislation and regulations being secondary legislation which provide details on the enforcement of laws. Specific topic areas covered include: alcohol, driving, the environment, gambling, industry, smoking, travel and weapons. For further information on laws, see "Laws". For articles on a goverment's overall plan and course of action for achieving its goals, see "Government policy".
Definition: Financial assistance granted by a government to an industry or specific business to help increase their income. Typically conducted through price level supports or direct payments.Includes announcements of the establishment of subsidy programs, analysis of the pros and cons of subsidies and the ending of specific subsidy programs.
Definition: A government's efforts to track the actions, behavior and other characteristics of domestic or foreign individuals and groups. Usually for national security purposes. Includes specific incidents of surveillance and debate, controversy, laws and regulations around surveillance. For the surveillance systems industry see "Surveillance systems manufacturing" in the Business vocabulary.
Definition: Forms of income for governments, particularly levies on income, products, services or activities charged to individuals or businesses. Includes creation of taxes, revisions to tax codes and tax credits or refunds.
Definition: Health insurance options for individuals and families that are administered by a government entity. For large-scale changes to a government's health insurance programs, see also "Health care reform".
Definition: Formal events at which students receive an academic degree or diploma. Includes keynote speakers and other coverage of individual ceremonies. For the completion of an academic program from an education perspective, see "Graduation".
Definition: The completion of an academic program, resulting in the award of a degree or diploma. Includes graduation ceremonies and requirements, experiences of recent or soon-to-be graduates, and statistical analyses of graduating students collectively.
Definition: The growing of corn, fibrous oilseed-producing plants, rice, soybean, wheat and other grains and/or the production of corn seeds, oilseed seeds, rice seeds, soybean seeds and wheat seeds.
Definition: Two-dimensional art involving the transfer of an image onto a surface, as in lithography and printmaking. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: Design of marketing materials, advertising, and printed products, focusing on the layout and graphic elements of those materials including text and images. For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: Living one's life in accord with a social and political movement that espouses global environmental protection, bioregionalism, social responsibility, sustainability and nonviolence. Includes articles on making one's home, clothing and food environmentally friendly. See also "Eco-friendly practices" for broader coverage of environmentally-responsible activities beyond one's individual lifestyle choices.
Definition: Technologies that support the sustainability of the environment or which mitigate the effects of pollutants on the environment. Includes development and implementation of the technologies as well as issues and controversies the technologies give rise to.
Definition: A traditional festival celebrated in the United States and Canada during winter. In traditional weather lore, if a groundhog emerges from its burrow on this day and fails to see its shadow because the weather is cloudy, winter will soon end.
Definition: Wartime hostilities conducted by small groups of independent combatants, usually fighting a larger, organized military force, often employing tactics such as ambush, sabotage, raids and surprise attacks.
Definition: A condition affecting veterans of the 1991 Gulf War characterized by various symptoms including fatigue, joint pain, headaches, dizziness, and memory loss.
Definition: Regulation of the use, sale and ownership of guns. Includes legislative action, political debate, and general discussion of the role of government in regulating guns.
Definition: The use of firearms to physically harm or coerce others. Focuses on the social impact of violence, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and perpetrators. See "Violent crime" and specific types of crime for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Attacking or breaking into computer networks, usually with the aid of advanced computer code, often in order to gain access to unauthorized data or to plant malicious software.
Definition: Institutions that honor individuals of noteworthy achievement in their respective fields. Includes induction announcements and ceremonies, and exhibits.
Definition: Lightweight and portable electronic systems designated specifically for use with video games. The consoles usually have game controls, video display and speakers built in.
Definition: Eight-day festival starting on the twenty-fifth day of the Jewish month of Kislev commemorating the rededication of the Temple at Jerusalem that followed the Maccabees' victory over the Syrians in 165 BC.
Definition: Crimes motivated by the actual or perceived membership of the victim in a particular social group, such as those defined by race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.
Definition: Initiation rituals often involving violence, degradation, or other humiliation of a physical, sexual, or emotional nature. Violent hazing is illegal in many jurisdictions.
Definition: The study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware that are focused on the needs of the healthcare industry.
Definition: Construction of hospitals, medical centers, clinics, convalescence centers, assisted living facilities, nursing homes and doctor's offices.
Definition: The industry that focuses on the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical and allied health professions.
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to delivery of health care to its citizens. Includes health care reform, strategies for addressing public health issues and the creation and implementation of health care policy. See also "U.S. Department of Health and Human Services".
Definition: Legislative efforts to revise rules and regulations pertaining to the health care for a country's citizens. Includes proposals for changes or debate about changes to health care legislation, centering on issues such as rights, access, quality, fairness and costs.
Definition: Inequality and gaps in the access to and quality of medical care available to people based on race, ethnicity, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status.
Definition: Educating and informing individuals about important health topics, such as personal hygiene, avoidance of infectious diseases, or maintaining good physical and mental health.
Definition: Numerical data regarding various groupings or categories in health and medicine, such as rates of disease incidence, infant mortality or cesarean section deliveries.
Definition: Condition, care, and treatment of the mind and body. Includes diseases, illnesses, injuries, medicine, medical procedures, preventive care, health services, and public health issues.
Definition: The complete or partial loss of the sense of hearing, either congenitally or due to illness or injury. For the deaf as a population group and society, see "Deaf culture."
Definition: The construction of large, complex and industrial building projects including plants and factories, production facilities, airports, ports and harbors, highways, bridges, railways, utility and drainage systems, pipelines, and projects for utilities.
Definition: Aggressively managed portfolio of investments that uses advanced investment strategies such as leverage, long, short and derivative positions in both domestic and international markets with the goal of generating high returns (either in an absolute sense or over a specified market benchmark).
Definition: Technologies involved in the distribution and display of very high-resolution analog or digital moving images, such as television programs or video.
Definition: The technologies involved in intercity rail service where the trains reach very high speeds (usually over 100 mph), as well as its related infrastructure.
Definition: Bonds that are non-investment grade, typically rated lower than BBB and deemed to be of a higher risk and more speculative than investment grade bonds.
Definition: Criminal acts of forcefully seizing a vehicle, such as an aircraft or ship, for purposes of robbery, terrorism or diverting it to a different location for nefarious reasons. For acts of car theft by force, see "Carjacking."
Definition: An artistic culture distinguished by components such as: MCing, DJing, breakdancing and graffiti writing. Includes articles on clothing, music and other issues and trends pertinent to the hip hop culture. For articles on hip hop music see also "Hip hop and rap".
Definition: People in the United States with origins in Spanish-speaking countries, especially those of Latin America. Includes the lives and activities of Hispanics, and issues pertaining to or of particular interest to Hispanics.
Definition: Residences where a famous person was born or lived, that were the site of a significant past event, or that are representative of the architecture of a particular period in time. Includes historic home museums, historic home tours, historic neighborhoods and restorations of historic homes. For all places of historic significance, see "Historic sites".
Definition: A crime during which the guilty party of a vehicular accident leaves the scene without identifying oneself. For non-criminal content about vehicular accidents, see 'Automotive accidents.'
Definition: Activities or interests pursued outside one's regular occupation, and engaged in primarily for pleasure. Includes how-to advice, upcoming events and instructional classes.
Definition: The crash of a commuter train into a rail station in Hoboken, New Jersey during the morning rush hour on September 29, 2016. One person was killed, more than 100 were injured and the station was seriously damaged.
Definition: Consumer purchase of goods and services for holiday gift-giving, decorating and entertaining. Includes gift ideas, holiday shopping trends and events.
Definition: Days set aside for the commemoration of an important event which may or may not involve time off for workers. Includes trends in commemorating or celebrating certain holidays, how-to advice on celebrating, traditions and coverage of individual commemorations. For leisure time away from work, see "Vacations".
Definition: A planned meeting of the leaders of national churches of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, for the first time in more than a millenium, in Crete in June 2016.
Definition: The construction of one's own home by homeowners themselves or by a contractor. Includes trends in home building, financial aspects of building a home and how-to advice. For the business of home construction, see "Residential construction".
Definition: The purchasing of a home, whether it is a pre-existing structure or new construction. Includes tips and how-to advice, first-time buyers and trends in home buying. For personal home loans, see "Mortgages".
Definition: The interior and exterior decoration of a residence including furnishings, window treatments, flooring and flowers. Includes how-to advice. For the complete design of interior spaces, including architectural elements, see "Home interior design".
Definition: Stores selling home repair and improvement supplies such as paint, lumber, plumbing and electrical supplies, tools, housewares, and lawn and garden supplies.
Definition: Design of the interior spaces of a residence. Closely related to architecture and sometimes including interior decoration. Includes ideas for designing or decorating a home's interior, interior design trends and green interior design. For the interior and exterior decoration of a residence, see "Home decor".
Definition: Measures taken to deter thieves, vandals and attackers from entering a residence. Includes how-to advice, home security equipment and neighborhood watch programs.
Definition: The selling of a residence that one owns. Includes tips, how-to advice and trends in home selling. For the home sales market, see "Home sales". For the purchasing of one's home, see "Home buying".
Definition: Exhibitions where consumers can meet with businesses to learn about and see products and services pertaining to the maintenance, improvement and decoration of residences. Includes announcements of upcoming shows and topics of interest at shows in progress.
Definition: The brewing of beer on a very small scale as a hobby for personal consumption, free distribution at social gatherings, amateur brewing competitions or other non-commercial purposes.
Definition: Murder, usually by a family member, of people accused of bringing shame on their families. Such killings seek to restore the families' honor by eliminating the source of the shame. Focuses on the social impact of honor killings, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for survivors, and rehabilitation of both survivors and perpetrators. See "Homicide" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: A medical treatment involving the administration of hormones to reduce the risk of disease or to offset symptoms of decreased natural hormone production in the body; often referring to estrogen and progesterone replacement in post-menopausal women.
Definition: Programs that provide palliative care and attend to the emotional and spiritual needs of terminally ill patients, either at an inpatient facility or at the patient's home.
Definition: Services provided by a hospital or by a clinic. A clinic is a facility, often associated with a hospital or medical school, that is devoted to the diagnosis and care of outpatients
Definition: A variety of service industries that receive a customer to service them with that of traditional "hospitality", such as providing them food and beverages, or provision of a room and bed to sleep.
Definition: Crisis situations during which terrorists or criminals hold a person or a group captive, holding off authorities or rescuers by force, and often making demands and threatening to harm or kill the captives.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates for the lower house of the U.S. legislature. Includes campaigns and election results both for primary and general elections.
Definition: The production of products for use at the final consumer's home such as housewares; furniture; home furnishings; home appliances; personal care products like soap, shampoo and hairspray; auto products like brake fluid and de-icer; cleaning products such as bleach and toilet bowl cleaner; lawn and yard products like fertilizer and swimming pool products; home maintenance products like paint and putty and pet care products litter and odor remover.
Definition: Technologies and innovations, such as "smart" appliances or robotic vacuum cleaners, that automate or facilitate domestic activities and chores.
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to housing issues, including meeting the need for affordable homes, strengthening the housing market and building inclusive communities. Covers the creation and implementation of housing policy. See also "U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development".
Definition: Paying for the use of a house, without owning it, for a specified time period. Includes tips and how-to advice, trends in home rentals and vacation home rentals.
Definition: Shooting near the West University Place community in southwest Houston in which a lawyer disgruntled with his law firm fired at passing vehicles at an intersection near a strip mall on September 26, 2016. Nine people were wounded, one critically.The suspect was killed by police.
Definition: The individual rights and freedoms to which humans are entitled, including rights granted by citizenship and protected by law, or rights conferred simply by virtue of being human. Also includes the debate over what these rights ought to be.
Definition: Ethical questions related to the use of human beings in scientific research, including the procedures and policies used to protect their privacy and wellbeing.
Definition: The forceful recruitment, transportation and/or harboring of people for purposes of exploitation, such as prostitution, child soldiering or forced labor.
Definition: The physical and emotional well-being of human beings, particularly in areas where government policies or societal involvement can make a difference.
Definition: Help provided by one country to another country to address poverty, underdevelopment, natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc. Includes financial or logistical support. For articles on financial support provided for general economic development, military or diplomacy purposes, see "Foreign aid".
Definition: Events in which populations or communities of people are under great threat to their safety, health or security as a result of natural disasters, pandemics, famine, armed conflicts or other large-scale emergencies.
Definition: Formed between June 14th and 16th 2012, Hurricane Carlotta reached Category 2 intensity, and affected southwestern Mexico, making landfall near Puerto Escondido. The storm caused seven fatalities, widespread power outages and mudslides.
Definition: Formed between August 21st and September 1st 2012, Hurricane Isaac reached Category 2 intensity, and affected the Caribbean as well as the Gulf Coast of the United States. The storm caused 29 fatalities in the Caribbean and nine in the United States, along with widespread power outages, flooding and tornadoes.
Definition: Formed between October 22nd and October 31st 2012, Hurricane Sandy reached Category 3 intensity, and affected the Greater Antilles, the eastern seaboard of the United States as well as several inland states, and Eastern Canada. The storm caused over 150 fatalities throughout the region, along with widespread power outages, flooding and damage. It was the second-costliest storm in United States history.
Definition: Horizontal drilling technique for natural gas that blasts chemical-laced water deep underground to break up shale and release natural gas locked in the rock. Includes the environmental aspects of hydraulic fracturing. For all aspects of the natural gas drilling industry, see "Oil and gas drilling" and "Oil and gas extraction".
Definition: The study of the properties and action of water on the Earth's surface, in its crust, and in the atmosphere. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: A condition during which body temperature falls to abnormally low levels, often as a result of extended exposure to cold water or frigid atmospheric conditions, and which can cause adverse health effects or death.
Definition: Cold-temperature storms during which freezing rain falls and forms an icy glaze over objects, creating dangerous road and sidewalk conditions, as well as potential power outages due to downed power lines.
Definition: Criminal acts of stealing a person's personal and confidential information and assuming that person's identity in order to open financial accounts, make purchases or conduct other transactions illegally.
Definition: The downloading or sharing of copyrighted content, such as files, music, software or other digital material, without permission of or payment to the rights holder.
Definition: The use and abuse of illegal drugs or the illegal use of legal drugs. Includes criminal drug-related activity, drug raids and arrest reports. For social or health-related drug abuse, see "Drug addiction" and "Addiction and substance abuse," as well as their relevant children.
Definition: Criminal acts of possession, use, or distribution of personal weapons such as handguns, rifles grenades or knives, without a license or permit. For nuclear, chemical or biological weapons see 'Weapons of mass destruction.'
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to managing the migration of people across its borders. Covers the creation and implementation of immigration policy. For the enforcement of immigration policy in the United States, see "U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement" and "U.S. Customs and Border Protection". For the societal aspects of immigration, see "Immigration".
Definition: Movement of people from one country to another on a temporary or permanent basis. Includes policy, statistics, and all issues related to illegal immigration.
Definition: Treatments administered that act to inoculate a person's immune system against specific pathogens, in order to prevent contagion of certain communicable diseases.
Definition: Formal charges of illegal activity against a high official of government which can result in punishment such as removal from office. Includes efforts to impeach an official as well as actual instances of impeachment. For official rebukes by governmental bodies of one or more of their members, see "Censures".
Definition: Homemade explosive devices, such as roadside bombs, IEDs or radioactive devices, often used as part of terrorist actions or unconventional warfare tactics during times of war.
Definition: Formal ceremonies marking the induction of an elected official into office. Covers preparations for the ceremony as well as information on what occurred at the ceremony.
Definition: Donations of money or other resources by individuals and families to non-profit organizations or other charitable projects. See "Corporate giving" for donations by corporations.
Definition: Personal health insurance bought directly by the consumer (as opposed to a plan provided through an employer or other organization with which the insured is associated).
Definition: Corporations that are made up of a number of different, seemingly unrelated businesses. In a conglomerate, one company owns a controlling stake in a number of smaller companies, which conduct business separately.
Definition: Design of manufactured products, focusing on ergonomic and aesthetic aspects of the product. For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: Accidental or intentionally set fires occurring in industrial settings such as production facilities, warehouses, factories or refineries, resulting in property damage and/or death or injury. For fire-related criminal activity, see 'Arson.'
Definition: Events that bring together industry professionals to share knowledge and expertise, and/or to demonstrate goods and services of a particular industry.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control the activities of businesses. Includes the creation, enforcement and violations of industry regulation.
Definition: A medical condition of both men and women characterized by the inability to conceive a child after attempting to for a significant period of time (usually a year).
Definition: The study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, including software applications and computer hardware. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information.
Definition: Art created in and specifically for a particular space. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: A text-based communication technology that allows computer users to exchange typed messages in real time over computer networks or the internet.
Definition: Representative of an insured, not of an insurance company. Acts of a broker are not the responsibility of the company, and notice given by an insured to a broker is not the same as notice to the company. The broker searches the insurance marketplace for a company in which to place the insured's business for the most coverage at the best price.
Definition: The insurance industry allows individuals and businesses to pool and shift risk that they are not willing or able to bear for themselves. Policyholders can insure against a variety of risks. Popular lines of insurance include motor vehicle and household insurance, health insurance and indemnity insurance.
Definition: Complex sets of electronic components and their interconnections that are etched or imprinted onto a tiny slice of semiconducting material, which are then used for performing specific functions. Includes new technologies and advances.
Definition: Any intangible asset that is a product of human intellect and creativity. Examples include software, literary and art work, music, invention, etc.
Definition: Governmental units responsible for gathering and interpreting national security and defense information. Covers civilian and military intelligence groups. See also "U.S. Central Intelligence Agency" and "U.S. National Security Agency".
Definition: The ratio between the yield on the 10 year U.S. Treasury bond and the Federal funds rate (the rate that banks charge one another for overnight loans).
Definition: Families in which the members profess different religious faiths or doctrines. Focuses on the issues and potential conflicts within such families, and their place in society.
Definition: Planning and designing interior spaces, from an arts and design perspective. For content on decorating your own home, see "Home design". For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: Formal statements of agreement between two nations or among groups of nations. Includes negotiations leading up to the agreements, agreement announcements and the impacts of the agreements. For collaboration among nations situated in a common geographical area, see also"Regional cooperation".
Definition: Rules accepted as governing relations between nations. Includes violations of international law and adoption of internal laws by countries. For formal, binding agreements between two or more states, see "Treaties".
Definition: Interactions among national governments. Includes diplomacy, embassies, foreign aid, arms negotiations, foreign policy, international agreements, regional cooperation and summits. For articles on one country providing another with support in meeting a specific need caused by poverty, underdevelopment, natural disasters, armed conflicts, etc., see also "Humanitarian assistance".
Definition: Students who leave their native country to enroll in an academic program. Includes short term study abroad programs and students earning a full degree abroad.
Definition: The ability of users to connect to the Internet, as well as the means by which they do so. Includes various forms of connectivity such as Wi-fi, broadband and dial-up, and the availability of Internet connection in specific locations.
Definition: A media distribution service that allows for watching television programs via the internet on computers, television sets, or dedicated devices.
Definition: Short-term opportunities for students to earn credits and gain practical, professional experience in their field of study while working at companies and other organizations.
Definition: Romantic or sexual partnerships between people of different races. Includes all aspects of interracial relationships that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy, demographic analyses, and such relationships in society.
Definition: A fundamentalist Islamic revivalist movement generally characterized by moral conservatism, the literal interpretation of the Koran, the attempt to implement Islamic values in all aspects of life and the assertion that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system.
Definition: Attack on the Istanbul Ataturk Airport in Istanbul, Turkey on June 28, 2016 in which suicide attackers armed with guns and bombs killed 41 people and wounded scores of others in an attack the government blamed on Islamic State extremists.
Definition: Mass shooting at the Reina nightclub in the Besiktas district of Istanbul, Turkey that killed 39 people and wounded nearly 70 others on January 1, 2017. The Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attack.
Definition: A condition characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes and mucous membranes associated with abnormal functioning of the liver, bile ducts or gallbladder.
Definition: Events at which job seekers can meet with multiple employers or recruiters to discuss the employer's staffing needs and the job seeker's qualifications.
Definition: The process in which a prospective employee is interviewed by an employer to determine whether the applicant is suitable for a particular position within the organization.
Definition: The current status and future direction of the job market as determined by several factors including prevalence of jobs and amount of compensation based on industry, title and geographical location.
Definition: Investigation, collection, and dissemination news about current events to the general public. Includes news about the profession, its standards, and code of ethics. See "Journalists" for content focusing on individuals involved in journalism. See "Media industry", "News agencies", and "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: Individuals engaged in investigating, collecting, and disseminating news of current events to the general public. See "Journalism" for news about the profession, its standards, and code of ethics. See "Media industry", "News agencies", and "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: Acts or instances of appointing someone or submitting a name for candidacy to a judicial post such as judge or magistrate. Covers appointments and nominations made at the federal, state and local levels.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates for positions in the judiciary. Includes campaigns and election results. For positions that are appointed or nominated by a government official, see "Judicial appointments and nominations".
Definition: The branch of government responsible for the administration of justice. Covers the courts themselves and elections, appointments and nominations of judges and other judicial officials. For articles on specific judicial proceedings, see "Legal proceedings".
Definition: Formal activities involving the panel of persons selected to decide the verdict of a criminal or civil trial, such as the selection process, deliberations or handing down of the verdict.
Definition: The administration, policies or operations of penal systems for juvenile offenders including incarceration, rehabilitation, probation, and parole. For specific reports of crimes, see 'Juvenile crime.'
Definition: Any crime committed by a person considered a juvenile, generally under the age of 20, who is subject to a separate set of laws governing his or her prosecution and punishment. For content regarding the sentencing and imprisonment of juvenile offenders, see 'Juvenile corrections.'
Definition: Criminal acts of abducting a victim and holding him or her captive, usually for the perpetrator's monetary or personal gain (when demanding a ransom) or for the purposes of violence or sexual abuse against the abductee. For political hostages, see 'Hostage situations.'
Definition: Children's relationship to their own money, and the education of children about personal financial matters. This does not refer to the costs of having or raising children.
Definition: Negotiations between company or industry employees or workers and the management involving employment terms and conditions. Includes industrial actions and stakes.
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government with regards to issues concerning working people. Includes the creation and implementation of labor policy. For government rules concerning the rights of working people and their employers, see "Labor regulation".
Definition: The amount of total output per unit of labor, such as the total production output per hour of labor, employee total compensation, wages, salaries and benefits figures by industry or economic sector.
Definition: Any part of the earth's surface not covered by a body of water. Includes the positive and negative effects of human activities on the land. For the industry of dividing land into lots and improving land to make it suitable for living, see "Land subdivision and development".
Definition: Victim-triggered explosive devices buried just below the surface of the ground during times of armed conflict (but which remain post-conflict, putting civilians in danger). Includes incidents involving these devices as well as policies surrounding their existence and removal.
Definition: Planning and designing exterior spaces and landscapes, from an arts and design perspective. For content on landscaping your own property, see "Residential landscaping". For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: Abrupt slides of mud, rock or soil down the face of a hill or mountain, often triggered by severe weather events, and at times resulting in death of or harm to people, animals or objects in their path.
Definition: Academic, political, and social aspects of language, linguistics, dialect, and etymology. Includes all legal, civil rights, demographic, and socially controversial aspects of language. See "Language education" for curricula and methods for teaching foreign languages.
Definition: General-purpose computers intended for use by individuals at home, school or work, which are small enough to carry and hold in one's lap. Includes product reviews and advances in laptop technology.
Definition: Households with many children and/or members of an extended family living together. Includes families with mulitple birth children and trends in extended families living in the same household.
Definition: The activities, processes and institutions involved in the enforcement and interpretation of civil or international law, including court proceedings, police, and criminal punishment. For military law, consider "Military legal affairs." For content about the judicial system in a governmental context, see "Judiciary" and its sub-sections.
Definition: Government agencies that ensure compliance with laws, such as police, sheriff's departments and federal bureaus and agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration. Includes news about the agencies themselves. For specific instances of law enforcement, see "Law and order".
Definition: Technologies and innovations that are used in police and other law enforcement operations, such as handheld digital identification kits or radar tracking technologies.
Definition: Legal actions formally filed with a court of law, and all activities related to these actions, whereby one party accuses another of civil wrongdoing and seeks reparations.
Definition: Rules that can be enforced by courts and that regulate the individuals and organizations of society including governments, businesses and citizens. For proposed laws, see "Bills".
Definition: The range of activities undertaken by courts and officers of the law when a party has been officially accused of crime or wrongdoing; including jury selection, trials, legal hearings, sentencing, and lawsuits. For content about the judicial system in a governmental context, see "Judiciary" and its sub-sections.
Definition: Laws and the process of making and enacting laws. Includes hearings on legislation proposals, legislative voting on proposals and the impacts of enacted laws.
Definition: Sessions of the law-creating branch of government in which members gather and analyze information. Includes hearings on measures that may become law, oversight of government activities and personnel, investigations of wrongdoing by public officials or private individuals and confirmations of nominations by the president.
Definition: The branch of government that has the power to make and enact laws. Covers legislature at the local, state, tribal and national levels of government and includes the process of crafting laws, filibusters, appropriations and legislative hearings. For the houses of the U.S. legislature, see "United States Congress", "United States Senate", and "United States House of Representatives". For the European Union legislature, see "European Parliament".
Definition: Construction of facilities for recreation and relaxation such as stadiums, health clubs, concert halls, hotels and casinos, spas, theme parks, and amusement arcades.
Definition: Failures of or breaks in waterway embankments, usually due to weather events or erosion, and often resulting in flooding and property damage.
Definition: A political philosophy or attitude founded on the natural goodness of humans and the autonomy of the individual and favoring civil and political liberties, government by law with the consent of the governed, and protection from arbitrary authority.
Definition: Collections of information resources, often intended for communal use. Library collections may include books, periodicals, images, electronic resources, digital media, and other materials. Includes library operations, facilities, funding, events, activities, and issues of censorship.
Definition: Professionals who assist clients with determining and achieving personal goals. Includes sessions and courses offered by life coaches, advice from life coaches and profiles of life coaches.
Definition: Organizations that offer insurance that guarantees a specific sum of money to a designated beneficiary upon the death of the insured or to the insured if he or she lives beyond a certain age.
Definition: The way a person lives, including interests, attitudes, personal and domestic style, values, relationships, hobbies, recreation, travel, personal care and grooming, and day-to-day activities.
Definition: Venues, often open-air, where the farming life of a certain historical period is portrayed, usually with interpreters dressed in clothing of the times.
Definition: Venues, often open-air, where life of a certain historical period is portrayed, usually with interpreters dressed in clothing of the times.
Definition: Efforts by advocacy groups, constituents and other individuals to influence how a legislator will vote on a piece of legislation. Includes specific instances of and legal and ethical issues around lobbying.
Definition: Government plans detailing a county's or municipality's intended expenditures and the means of financing them. Includes budget creation, surpluses and deficits.
Definition: County or municipal government bodies with the authority to hear and judge legal disputes. Covers issues involving the courts themselves such as administration, management and personnel.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates to fill government offices for a county, city, town, or district. Includes campaigns and election results both for the primary and general elections.
Definition: Food grown within one's local area and that supports the local economy and uses minimal resources for transportation to the end consumer. Covers topics such as shopping for local food, restaurants use of local food, the sharing of local food and regulations around the growing of local foods.
Definition: The governing bodies of municipalities, counties, special districts, joint powers authorities or other political divisions of a state or province. Covers the administration of the civic affairs of those political divisions including budgets, courts, and taxes.
Definition: Charges by county or municipal governments on its citizens for products, services or property. Includes decisions regarding the setting or revising of tax rates, tax receipts for a given period and the interaction between taxes an government budgets.
Definition: Van and knife attack in the heart of London on June 3, 2017 that left seven people dead and dozens injured, many of them critically. The attack started on the London Bridge, when three attackers swerved the vehicle into pedestrians then, armed with knives, rampaged through Borough Market, slashing and stabbing anyone they could find.
Definition: Costs and financial considerations associated with nursing home care, adult day-care, home health care, or other forms of long-term health care.
Definition: Incidents involving individuals who have gone missing from sea-faring vessels such as fishing or recreational boats, cruise liners or container ships, or whose vessels have disappeared on the ocean.
Definition: A chronic, systemic autoimmune disease often characterized by inflammation and damage to organs, joints, tendons and other connective tissues, as well as by skin lesions.
Definition: Consumer purchase of expensive goods and services that add pleasure as well as comfort to life but that are not necessities. Includes shopping guides, advice and profiles of luxury stores.
Definition: Periodic publications with content around a particular theme or subject area. Many magazines and journals publish content in both the print and digital environments. See "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: The catalog and mail-order house industry, or non-store retail industry, is comprised of establishments primarily engaged in the retail sale of products through television, catalog, and direct mail. Such organizations include companies that sell book club memberships, magazines, and retail consumer and business products.
Definition: Software designed to secretly infiltrate a computer or computer system with the intent of causing data damage, corrupting program function or otherwise harming the computer. Includes reports of new viruses, worms or trojans, as well as measures to take in order to avoid them. For computer viruses and worms specifically, see "Computer viruses and worms;" for spyware specifically, see "Spyware" and for anti-malware measures see "Anti-virus software."
Definition: International annual literary award for a single work originally written in any language as long as it is widely available in English. Until 2015, the award was presented biennially to an author for a body of work originally written in any language as long as it was widely available in English.
Definition: Any arrangement for health care in which an organization, such as an HMO, another type of doctor-hospital network, or an insurance company, acts an intermediate between the person seeking care and the physician.
Definition: Explosion at the end of a concert by American singer Ariana Grande at the Manchester Arena in Manchester, England on May 22, 2017 that killed at least 22 people and injured at least 59. Authorities suspect the incident was a suicide bombing. The Islamic State group claimed responsibility.
Definition: Bombing in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City on September 17, 2016 that injured 29 people. Ahmad Khan Rahami, a 28-year-old immigrant, was wanted for questioning in the incident.
Definition: The ratio between the amount a company or an economy can produce fully utilizing its equipment, workforce, capital and other resources and the amount it actually produces.
Definition: An international Earth Day rally planned for April 22, 2017 in support of the funding and public communication of science. Marches are planned in cities worldwide and there will be a teach-in on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Several of the United States' largest scientific organizations are partnering with grass-roots organizers to plan the March for Science.
Definition: The study of living organisms in saltwater ecosystems. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. Also see "Oceanography" for other aspects of freshwater environments. See "Limnology" for freshwater environments and ecosystems.
Definition: Accidents that occur on oceans, seas and waterways such as oil-tanker spills, missing cruise-line passengers or crew, shipping accidents or boating accidents.
Definition: Criminal acts of robbery or violence committed by the crew or passengers of a privately owned ship against the crew or passengers of another ship, committed on the high seas or other bodies of water.
Definition: A company's efforts to market its products and services to increase sales. Market research, advertising campaigns, sales and marketing departments.
Definition: The temporary application of military rule in a specific area, during an emergency situation where civilian authority is ineffective or in defiance with higher authority.
Definition: Transportation systems, usually publicly but sometimes privately owned and operated, designed to move large numbers of people in various types of vehicles in cities, suburbs, and large metropolitan areas. Examples of mass transit systems include buses, ferries, subways, trams and aerial trams.
Definition: Municipal or regional public shared transportation such as buses, streetcars and ferries, including rapid transit such as subways and surface light rail systems, open to all on a nonreserved basis.
Definition: Killings of large numbers of people, especially non-combatants, in a war situation. Can also include other military or political contexts, such as a government action against rebels. For non-war or non-political contexts, use one or more terms under 'Violent crime'.
Definition: The study of the properties of solid materials and how those properties are determined by a material's composition and structure. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Technologies related to the innovative use of materials and the development of new materials (such as polymers) in the fields of science, engineering or industry.
Definition: The study of space, time, change, and other phenomena through measurement, reason, and deduction. Mathematicians use a symbolic notation consisting of numbers, letters, and other symbols to communicate. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in purchasing advertising time or space from media outlets and reselling it to advertising agencies or individual companies directly.
Definition: Electronic devices intended for use by individuals to display media, usually for entertainment purposes, such as DVD players or Blu-ray disc players.
Definition: The systems that gather, store and distribute information, especially as a means of mass communication. Includes print, broadcast, and online distribution channels, and everything pertaining to news media and journalism. This category refers more to the act of communication itself -- the activities, technologies, and issues surrounding the mass distribution of information -- than to the actual content. When talking about a particular movie, radio, or television program, for instance, "Entertainment" will often be a more appropriate category.
Definition: Industrial medical applications of technologies based on biological systems and living organisms, such as pharmaceuticals and gene therapy.
Definition: Instruments, apparati or other physical items used in medical assistance or treatment, either externally or implanted, such as pacemakers, glucose meters, or stents.
Definition: Technological devices and instruments used for medical diagnostic purposes, such as endoscopes, MRI or CT scanners, or ultrasound machines.
Definition: The manufacturing of machinery designed to aid in the diagnosis, monitor or treatment of medical problems. It is usually designed with rigorous safety standards.
Definition: Issues pertaining to the moral values and judgments of physicians, surgeons and others in the field of medicine. For ethics issues in other fields, see "Corporate ethics," "Political ethics," "Police ethics," "Ethics in journalism," "Scientific ethics," "Bioethics" or "Technology law and ethics."
Definition: Insurance policy offered by private insurance companies, to provide additional benefits for those covered by the United States Medicare program.
Definition: A relaxation technique in which one focuses on a word, phrase or subject to the exclusion of other thoughts. Includes how-to advice, classes and other scheduled events.
Definition: Health issues of particular interest to men, such as vasectomy, prostate cancer or erectile dysfunction, as well as the achievement and maintenance of male health and well-being.
Definition: The period of natural cessation of a woman's menstruation and fertility, usually occurring between the ages of 45 and 55, with symptoms such as hot flashes, fatigue, sleep disturbances and mood changes.
Definition: The achievement and maintenance of emotional and psychological well-being, sometimes marked by absence of mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia or personality disorders.
Definition: Corporate actions involving one or more of the following: acquiring control of a corporation by stock purchase or exchange; combining two or more corporate entities into one; obtaining control of a corporation against the wishes of the corporation's management or board of directors.
Definition: The surveying, extraction, processing and synthesis of metals and minerals to be used as construction materials, retail products or precious gems.
Definition: Rocky or metallic interplanetary debris that are smaller than asteroids. When these objects impact Earth's atmosphere, they often create visible trails commonly called shooting stars. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: An international passenger flight that crashed in the northern Sinai area of Egypt on October 31, 2015, enroute from Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt to St. Petersburg, Russia. Metrojet is the brand name of Russian airline Kogalymavia.
Definition: The study of single cell and cell cluster microorganisms. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The lending of small amounts of money to low-income consumers and the self-employed, among others who do not have access to regular financial services.
Definition: Devices that integrate the functions of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer onto one semiconductor chip or integrated circuit (IC).
Definition: Elections held at the mid-point of a presidential term, two-years after the last presidential election and two years prior to the next presidential election. Offices up for election in the U.S. are all seats in the House of Representatives, approximately one-third of the full terms in the Senate, more than half of the governorships as well as officers in state legislatures and county offices. For the specific types of elections included in a mid-term election, see "House elections", "Local elections", "Senate elections" and "State elections."
Definition: Analysis of the change in a regional or national population due to immigration or emigration. See "Immigration" for complete coverage of the topic.
Definition: The activities of and attacks perpetrated by hostile groups, usually enrolled or trained to serve a particular cause but not affiliated with any government, often acting during times of war or conflict.
Definition: The culture of the military and issues of personal interest to military personnel. Includes cultural issues such as women and gays in the military, and benefits and healthcare for active personnel and veterans.
Definition: The segments of a government responsible for defending the country, often by the authorized use of force. Includes the leadership, management and administrative aspects of the armed forces and its associated weaponry, defense policy, defense appropriations, defense contracts, military intelligence, military legal affairs and military correctional systems. For specific military actions and incidents of warfare, see "War and unrest".
Definition: The prisons and related systems of a nation's military. Includes the administration, management and regulation of military correctional facilities as well as perspectives and debates on the role of military prisons.
Definition: The bases, forts, training camps, weapons depots and other facilities of a nation's military. Includes the administration, management, acquisition, sale, and regulation of such facilities.
Definition: The gathering, analysis and distribution of information about the operations, doctrine or policy of another country's armed forces. Includes the administration, management, and leadership of military intelligence activities.
Definition: The personnel responsible for the overall policy, strategy, tactics and management of a nation's military. Includes announcements of leadership appointments, nominations, resignations and retirements and public statements by leadership.
Definition: Legal matters involving individual members of a military or the military as an entity. Includes legal proceedings and creation and revision of military laws.
Definition: Events in which a hostile military group forcibly takes control of the territory of another state, but without the intent to permanently acquire or annex that territory.
Definition: The enlistment of new members voluntarily into any of the branches of a military. Includes actions taken by a military to recruit new members and factors impacting recruitment. For mandatory enlistment of military members, see "Conscription".
Definition: Government measures designed to control the internal management and conduct of a country's military and its personnel. Includes violations, enforcement and creation of regulations. For the overall plan or course of action by a government for defending itself against enemies, see "Defense policy".
Definition: Education programs designed to prepare students for military service. Includes all aspects of military academies, ROTC programs, private military colleges, and related institutions.
Definition: Technologies and innovations that support and are involved in military training and operations, such as combat robotics or unmanned drones.
Definition: Reports of or policies regarding members of the armed services whose fate and location remains unknown at the end of a military combat mission or war.
Definition: Alerts issued, searches conducted or findings declared regarding persons whose whereabouts are unknown and who may be in danger or at risk of being harmed or killed.
Definition: Technologies, innovations and devices for communication over wireless cellular networks, such as satellite phones or smartphones, and the software that these devices utilize.
Definition: Video games designed to be played on mobile devices, particularly smartphones, tablet PCs, PDAs, and other hand-held devices. See "Tablet computers" and "Smartphones" for other content about those types of devices.
Definition: The dissemination of entertainment content, news, and information via cellular networks and mobile platforms, particularly smartphones and tablet PCs. Content is often distributed through apps or websites specially designed for these channels. See "Tablet computers" and "Smartphones" for other content about those types of devices.
Definition: Portable handheld telecommunication devices that function over land-based wireless networks, used for making phone calls, text messaging or sending data. Includes product reviews, reports on mobile phone usage, rules and etiquette. For phones with more features, see "Smartphones."
Definition: Software systems and applications built for any mobile device such as handheld computers, smartphones or cellphones. Includes mobile applications and operating systems.
Mobile telecommunications equipment manufacturing¶
Definition: Wireless telecommunications carriers, many of which are subsidiaries of the wired carriers, transmit voice, graphics, data, and Internet access through the transmission of signals over networks of radio towers.
Definition: Video, including movies, TV shows, music videos, and online videos, formatted to be viewed on mobile devices. See "Tablet computers" and "Smartphones" for other content about those types of devices. See "Online video" for video formatted for transmission over the Internet.
Definition: The study of biological activity at the molecular level, particularly the interactions of proteins and the molecular structures, functions, and systems of the various parts of living cells. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government, its central bank or other monetary authority to influence the willingness of consumers and businesses to spend money on products and services. Includes policy creation and implementation of monetary policy. For an overall plan or course of action by a government with regard to budgetary issues that influence the economy, see "Fiscal policy".
Definition: The illegal activity of purposely concealing, disguising or transforming the origins of large sums of money obtained through criminal means (such as drug trafficking or theft), so that they appear legitimately acquired.
Definition: Government regulation intended to maintain competitive market structures and unfair trade practices by limiting restraints on competition such as limited competition, collusive price-fixing and vertical restraints. Anti-competitive behavior and unfair business practices.
Definition: Seasonal wind systems that are accompanied by either heavy rains or very dry weather, usually lasting months, and potentially causing flooding and/or droughts.
Definition: Natural satellites, orbiting a planet or dwarf planet. Moons may have been formed at the same time as their planet, formed later from material ejected from the planet after a collision, or may be asteroids captured into orbit by the gravitational field of the planet. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See also "The Moon" for the Earth's moon.
Definition: The act of providing funds for a home purchase. Financial institutions and banks are in the business of financing as they provide capital to consumers to help them achieve their goals.
Definition: Insurance policy that guarantees the repayment of a mortgage. Includes both mortgage life insurance (which repays mortgage debt in the event of the mortgage holder's death) and private mortgage insurance, which allows a home buyer to pay a smaller downpament.
Definition: Professional speakers, facilitators or trainers who aim to spur individuals to take action to improve their lives. Includes seminars and other sessions by motivational speakers, profiles of motivational speakers and advice from speakers on specific topics.
Definition: The riding of motorcycles for pleasure or charity. Includes specific rallies, rides and charitable activities of various recreational motorcycling organizations. For the racing of motorcycles as a sport, see "Motorcycle racing".
Definition: Gala events honoring achievement in the film industry. Also see "Award shows", "Celebrity red carpet", "Film festivals", and individual event terms.
Definition: The practice of renting movies to consumers either on physical media or via download. See "Movies" and its children for content about the movies themselves. See "Movie renting services" for industry content.
Definition: Movies and film, including reviews, premieres, film festivals, ratings, soundtracks, and special effects. See "Television programs" and "Made-for-TV movies" for films specifically created for television. See "Movie industry" for industry content.
Definition: A chronic degenerative disease of the brain and spinal cord, thought to be autoimmune, characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, visual and speech problems, impaired coordination and mobility, and physical disability.
Definition: A debt security issued by a state, county, city, town, village or other political subdivision used to finance capital projects for the public good such as highways, sewers, schools etc.
Definition: City or town bodies with the authority to hear and judge legal disputes. Covers issues involving the courts themselves such as administration, management and personnel.
Definition: The governing bodies of cities, towns, boroughs and villages. Covers the administration of the civic affairs of those political divisions including budgets, courts, and taxes.
Definition: A hereditary degenerative muscle disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by the gradual deterioration of skeletal muscle fibers.
Definition: Repositories displaying collections of items with artistic, historic or scientific value for enjoyment and educational purposes. Includes openings and closings of museums, events at museums and announcements of new exhibits.
Definition: The legal or illegal transfer of music over the internet. See "Music" and its children for content about the music itself. See "Online record store operators" for industry content. See "Illegal downloading" for criminal cases related to downloading music, movies, and other content.
Definition: Companies that provide facilities for sound recordings. These generally consist of at least two rooms: the studio or live room, where the sound for the recording is created, and the control room, where the sound from the studio is recorded and manipulated.
Definition: Music and musical performance. Includes reviews, concert information, interviews with musicians, film scores and soundtracks, and the lives of musicians in relation to their music. See "Music industry" for business content.
Definition: Management of a security that gives small investors access to a well-diversified portfolio of equities, bonds and other securities. Each shareholder participates in the gain or loss of the fund. Shares are issued and can be redeemed as needed.
Definition: Technologies involved in materials or devices built on an atomic or molecular scale, such as tubes and wires to be used in larger systems, or cosmetics and surface coatings.
Definition: American literary prizes administered by the National Book Foundation and awarded to one book annually in each of four categories: fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and young people's literature.
Definition: Legally-binding government plans for a nation's intended expenditures and its means of financing them. Covers the status of a country's budget, including deficits, and efforts to create and balance a budget. For governmental budgets at the sub-national level, see "State budgets" and "Local budgets".
Definition: A national government's overall plan or course of action to support the country's ability to compete on a global level economically, scientifically, technologically and educationally. Includes the creation and implemention of policy with regard to national competitiveness.
Definition: Government bodies with the authority to hear and judge legal disputes at the national level. Includes national supreme courts, federal district courts and federal courts of appeal. Covers news about the courts themselves including administration, management and personnel.
Definition: The financial obligations of a country's government based on its total outstanding borrowings. Includes efforts to reduce the national debt.
Definition: The governing bodies of countries. Covers the administration, management, finances, policies and changes to leadership of a national government. Includes budgets, courts, taxes and other aspects of the government itself as opposed to actions of individual departments within that government. For departments of the U.S. national government see "United States government" and the Organization terms for its various departments, agencies and bureaus.
Definition: Political movements promoting the legal establishment of a single official language in a country, such as the "English only" movement in the United States. Includes all legal, political, civil rights, demographic, and socially controversial aspects of such movements.
Definition: Maintenance of the continued safe existence of a nation. Includes action by a government and its military to promote national security and factors impacting national security.
Definition: Levies on income, products, services or activities charged to individuals or businesses by a federal government. Includes creation of taxes, revisions to tax codes and tax credits or refunds.
Definition: The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals.
Definition: Catastrophic natural events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions or avalanches that result in property damage and/or injury or loss of life.
Definition: Physical characteristics of the environment that were either created naturally or are man-made. Includes articles on the impacts of these formations on the natural world and humans as well as the impact of the natural world and humans on these formations. For the scientific aspects of these features, see also various terms under "Earth science".
Definition: The application of scientific and other systematic approaches to the study, management and restoration of natural resources and ecosystems. Includes management of land, water, soil and wildlife.
Definition: Sections of municipalities that people live in together. Includes neighborhood groups, historic neighborhoods and development plans for neighborhoods.
Definition: The principle advocating lack of governmental or service provider restrictions on consumer access to content, platforms or sites on the internet.
Definition: A spiritual and quasi-religious movement that draws on both Eastern and Western traditions and holds a holistic worldview. For new age music see also "New age music".
Definition: Art forms characterized by their use of modern technologies such as computer animation, computer graphics, interactive technologies, biotechnology, the internet, and robotics. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: Products or services that are either completely new to the market or offer significant improvements and modifications to the existing ones.
Definition: Annual literary award presented by the American Library Association's Association for Library Service to Children to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children.
Definition: Periodic publications covering current events. Many news magazines publish content in both the print and digital environments. See "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: Organizations and individuals dedicated to disseminating information about current events to the general public. See "Media industry", "News agencies", and "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content. See "Media industry regulation" for efforts by a government to control or influence the media industry.
Definition: Radio broadcasting of current events and commentary. See "Radio" for content on radio as a distribution format. See "Radio broadcasting" and "News programming" for industry content. See "Radio programs" for entertainment and educational radio content.
Definition: Periodic publications with content focused on current events, usually written for an audience in a specific city or region. Many newspapers publish content in both the print and digital environments. See "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: Non-profit, voluntary citizens' groups funded through private donations, operating outside of formal government or political structures and usually having a broader social purpose that is political in nature. Includes private relief agencies, philanthropic foundations, environmental groups, religious institutions and other organizations. Does not include political parties. See also specific environmental and human welfare organizations and philanthropic foundations, trusts and funds.
Definition: A remembrance of the day on which the Battle of Normandy began, June 6, 1944, commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II.
Definition: Field of physics studying the behavior and components of atoms, and the properties of radiation. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material and technology and information that can be used to create nuclear weapons. Also, efforts to limit, reduce or prevent growth of nuclear weapons and related materials. Includes efforts by governments or other political organizations to acquire or increase their stockpiles of nuclear weapons, to negotiate for reductions in nuclear weaponry, and other efforts to influence the growth or depletion of nuclear weapons and materials.
Definition: Highly destructive explosive devices or other weapons that release energy created by a nuclear reaction, generally causing mass casualties, property loss and environmental harm.
Definition: The services performed by licensed nurses and nurse practitioners in health facilities or at home, such as providing physical and emotional care to patients or administering treatments prescribed by physicians.
Definition: Long-term care living facilities that provide 24-hour nursing care and medical assistance to elderly, disabled or chronically ill patients.
Definition: A condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of body fat, measured by a Body Mass Index of 30 or greater, which has adverse effects on health.
Definition: A psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent, recurrent and obsessive thoughts accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic compulsive actions.
Definition: Illegal acts of purposely and willfully impeding the administration and due process of law, such as intimidating or influencing a witness or juror, or tampering with evidence.
Definition: Significant events as recognized by individuals and societal groups. Includes specific planned events in a community as well as advice and how-to articles on planning for and celebrating anniversaries, birthdays, holidays, weddings, parties and more. For the hosting of events, see "Entertaining".
Definition: The prevention and treatment of employment-related illnesses or conditions, such as asbestos exposure or injuries, as well as the promotion of workplace health and hygiene.
Definition: The study of oceans, including the properties of seawater, currents, tides, ocean floors, coasts, and marine biology. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The manufacturing of furniture such as seating, tables and workstations for offices and other businesses including restaurants, bars, nightclubs and hotels as well as the manufacturing of office electronics and other non-industrial machinery and equipment used in the conduct of business.
Definition: The production of office and stationery supplies such as computer paper, envelopes, cartridge toner, folders, tape, binders, notebooks, pencils and pens.
Definition: Organizations that run and operate office supply stores - places where a wide range of materials that are used on a regular, every-day basis by business owners and/or employees.
Definition: Attack in which at least eight people were stabbed, hit by a vehicle or otherwise injured on the Ohio State University campus in Columbus, Ohio on November 28, 2016. A suspect, Abdul Razak Ali Artan, was shot and killed by a police officer.
Definition: The search by petroleum geologists for hydrocarbon deposits beneath the Earth's surface. Oil and gas exploration are grouped under the science of petroleum geology.
Definition: The industry focused on gas and oil as forms of fuel. Fuel oil is a liquid or liquefiable petroleum product that is used to generate heat or power and Fuel gas is a gaseous fuel used to provide heat energy when burned with oxygen.
Definition: The purifying of oil and gas. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining, the final material is usually identical chemically to the original one, only it is purer.
Definition: Services and organizations that support the oil and gas industry. Services include exploration (except geophysical surveying and mapping); excavating slush pits and cellars, well surveying; running, cutting, and pulling casings, tubes, and rods; cementing wells, shooting wells; perforating well casings; acidizing and chemically treating wells; and cleaning out, bailing, and swabbing wells.
Definition: The growing of fibrous oilseed-producing plants and/or producing oilseed seeds, such as sunflower, safflower, flax, rape, canola, and sesame.
Definition: Organizations that use the Internet to advertise and sell goods and services. Internet Marketing includes pay per click advertising, banner ads, e-mail marketing, affiliate marketing, interactive advertising, search engine marketing (including search engine optimization), blog marketing, article marketing, and blogging.
Definition: Dissemination via the internet of current events and commentary in text, video, audio, and other formats. Includes online presences of traditional media organizations whose historic or primary focus may be another format. See "Media industry" and "News agencies" for industry content.
Definition: Dissemination of radio-style audio content via the internet. See "Radio" for content on radio as a distribution format. See "Radio broadcasting" and "News programming" for industry content. See "Radio programs" for entertainment and educational radio content. See "News radio" for current events content.
Definition: The safety and security of internet users, especially children and teens, and of their personal data, from threats such as sexual predators or scammers.
Definition: Video, including movies, TV shows, music videos, and consumer-produced videos, formatted for transmission over the internet. Includes popular video sharing websites and tools. See "Mobile video" for video formatted to be viewed on mobile devices.
Definition: The right of citizens to access documents and meetings of their government. Includes issues involving open government laws such as freedom of information acts and open meeting acts, efforts to access government information and the blocking of access to government information. For access to government information from a social point of view, see "Freedom of information" in the Social Affairs vocabulary.
Definition: Software systems that manage a computer or device's hardware and software resources, such as internal processes, memory or video display, as well as interactions between users and computer hardware.
Definition: Practices or behaviors that promote and maintain the health of the mouth, teeth and gums, such as flossing, brushing teeth or using mouthwash.
Definition: Surgical procedures in which the diseased or malfunctioning organ of a patient is replaced by a healthy organ from a living or deceased donor.
Definition: Food raised and prepared without pesticides, antibiotics, genetically modified organisms or synthetic additives. Includes eating organic on a budget, organic diets and organic food cookbooks.
Definition: Criminal associations, often with highly organized hierarchical power structures, such as drug cartels or mafias, whose income derives from criminal activity such as theft, fraud, kidnapping for ransom or trade in illegal goods and services.
Definition: Mass shooting at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida on June 12, 2016. The attack killed at least 50 people and hospitalized at least 53 others. The suspect, identified as Omar Mateen of Port St. Lucie, Florida, died in a gunfight with SWAT officers, police said.
Definition: A bone disease characterized by the decrease in bone mass and density, leading to brittleness and increased risk of fracture, most often affecting postmenopausal women.
Definition: Leisurely outdoor activities involving recreation or hobbies, for example camping, boating, hiking and bird watching. Includes how-to advice and announcements of upcoming outdoor recreational events.
Definition: A clandestine effort by the U.S. National Security Agency to monitor the communications of customers of certain corporations who live outside the United States and U.S. citizens who communicate with people outside the U.S. Conducted for purposes of national defense.
Definition: Medical interventions to alleviate or reduce pain caused by injury, chronic illness, or surgery, utilizing methods such as medication, physical therapies and/or mental health counseling.
Definition: A game in which players on one team seek to eliminate those on an opposing team by marking them with a water-soluble dye shot in capsules from air guns.
Definition: Two-dimensional art using wet media and applied with a brush. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists. See "Drawing" for two-dimensional art in pencil, pen and ink, pastels, chalk, charcoal, marker, or other media not applied with a brush.
Definition: The study of life during prehistoric times, including the search for fossils and other evidence of extinct life forms and evolutionary developments. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The release by an anonymous source of a vast trove of documents and data on offshore financial dealings of wealthy, famous and powerful people around the world. First reported in the news on April 3, 2016.
Definition: The spreading of a particular infectious disease over a very wide area, surpassing its endemic habitat, usually crossing international boundaries, and often causing deaths on a large scale.
Definition: The production of paper - a material made of cellulose pulp, derived mainly from wood, rags, and certain grasses, processed into flexible sheets or rolls by deposit from an aqueous suspension, and used chiefly for writing, printing, drawing, wrapping, and covering walls.
Definition: Reductions of legal penalties or prison terms, or the nullification of criminal convictions by a president or other governmental or legal authority.
Definition: Organizations that facilitate communication between parents and their children's teachers with the goal of fostering parental involvement in schools and school districts.
Definition: The legal rights of a parent with regard to custody and control over the upbringing of their child. Includes all aspects of parental rights that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy.
Definition: Caring for a child's emotional, physical, social and intellectual needs from infancy to adulthood. Includes parenting skills, tips, how-to advice and child discipline. See also "Parental rights".
Definition: Coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris, France, and one of its suburbs Saint-Denis on November 13, 2015. The attacks consisted of three separate suicide bombings, mass shootings and hostage-taking.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates for a national legislature to which the country's executive officer must answer. Includes parliamentary election campaigns, laws and voting.
Definition: The planning and arrangement of a social gathering. Includes advice about planning a party and information about professional party planners. For all content on parties from a Lifestyle perspective, see "Parties".
Definition: A feast day of the Jewish calendar, celebrated at the first full moon after the Vernal Equinox. A festival of freedom remembering when the Jews were led out of Egypt and out of slavery by Moses.
Definition: U.S. national legislation that reforms the nation's healthcare system. The legislation aims to increase the number of insured citizens and reduce healthcare costs in general.
Definition: Anti-terrorist legislation in the United States, enacted in response to the September 11 attacks, that allows wiretaps and other surveillance, increases the regulation of financial transactions and reduces restrictions on the detaining and deporting of immigrants who are terrorism suspects.
Definition: Compiling data on hours worked, pay rates, deductions, and other payroll-related information and generating paychecks, payroll reports, and tax filings.
Definition: Users sharing electronic media with other users, such as music, movies, e-books or images over a network such as the Internet. Includes new peer-to-peer technologies and copyright controversies.
Definition: A disease of the female reproductive tract, usually caused by bacterial infection, that can cause lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge and infertility.
Definition: Live, interactive art works where the artist's presence and body is integral to the work. While performance art may incorporate elements of the performing arts, it differs in that the performance does not attempt to tell a story and has no strict beginning or end points. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, awards, and education for artists. See "Performing arts" for theater, dance, and other types of performance. See "Concerts" and "Music" for live music performance.
Definition: Artistic entertainment intended to be experienced live, often including some interaction between the audience and performers. Includes dance, opera, performance poetry, puppetry, and theater. See "Comedy performance" for stand-up, sketch, and improv comedy. Also see "Amateur performance".
Definition: The care of the self for health, beauty and cosmetic reasons. Includes consumer-related details on care of the hair and skin, fragrances, cosmetics and massage.
Definition: A numerical score maintained by credit agencies or credit bureaus, statistically derived from a person's credit files, which represents the "creditworthiness" of an individual.
Definition: Portable handheld internet-enabled devices used for storing and managing personal information such as phone numbers, appointments or schedules.
Definition: Any insurance plan that covers medical and related costs for an individual. For insurance plans sold directly to the consumer, use the more specific term Individual health insurance.
Definition: Employees of department stores and boutiques, freelance individuals, or online contacts who advise customers on what to buy. Includes profiles of personal shoppers and what they do.
Definition: A class of mental disorders characterized by inflexible and long-term maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior, such as antisocial, narcissistic or schizoid personality disorder.
Definition: The December 16, 2014 shooting and bombing attack on The Army Public School in Peshawar, Pakistan by seven members of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan; the victims were mostly children.
Definition: The health and medical care of domestic pets, including illnesses, treatment and general care. For other topics related to pets, see "Pets" and its narrower terms.
Definition: Advice, trends and how-to's for traveling with one's pet. Includes pet-friendly facilities, methods of travel, accommodations and pet passports.
Definition: The production of chemicals made from feedstocks derived from petroleum or natural gas; examples are ethylene, butadiene, most large-scale plastics and resins, and petrochemical sulfur.
Definition: Animals kept for amusement or companionship. Covers information useful to pet owners such as care, costs, fashion and travel as well as articles on distinctive kinds of pets such as designer breeds and exotic pets. See also "Dogs" and "Cats".
Definition: A genetic disorder characterized by the body's inability to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine, potentially causing injury to the central nervous system that can lead to mental deficiencies.
Definition: Not-for-profit organizations whose purpose is to provide funds or other resources to charities or research programs that further the foundations' goals.
Definition: Internet scams that aim to deceive the victim into revealing personal information, such as credit card or social security numbers, for fraudulent use by the perpetrator.
Photographic equipment and supplies manufacturing¶
Definition: The production of equipment used in the taking and display of photographs, such as cameras, projectors , film developing equipment, lenses, lighting, etc.
Definition: The study of human evolution, particularly through comparison to other primates. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Archaeology" for the study of human cultural history.
Definition: The achievement and maintenance of good physical health, especially as it pertains to prevention or management of disease. For fitness topics in the lifestyle context, see "Exercise" and its sub-categories.
Definition: Rehabilitative therapies aimed at treating physical injuries or dysfunctions using methods such as exercise, repetitive motions or massage.
Definition: The study of the properties of matter, particularly its movement, structure, and interaction with energy. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Unforeseen and accidental collisions or crashes involving flying vessels such as commercial jets, private planes or military aircraft, often resulting in death or injury.
Definition: A large planet thought to exist in the far reaches of the Solar System. Researchers at the California Institute of Technology hypothesize as to the presence of the planet, although it has not been spotted yet.
Definition: Collections of objects orbiting individual stars or binary stars. Planetary systems may include planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, moons, comets, and meteoroids. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. For the planetary system orbiting the Sun, see "Solar system".
Definition: Celestial objects orbiting stars with sufficient gravity to form into spheres and clear their orbits of other debris, but not to cause thermonuclear fusion. The exact definition of a planet, adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2006, is controversial. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Dwarf planets" for Pluto and other celestial bodies excluded by the IAU's 2006 definition. See "Extrasolar planets" for planets orbiting stars other than the Sun.
Definition: Manufacturers' new orders for fixed assets such as manufacturing equipment, industrial real estate and furniture for long-term business use.
Definition: Plants, their effects on the environment, and how they are impacted by the environment and humans. Includes trees, flowers and aquatic plants among others. For athe scientific study of plants, see "Botany," and for plants in terms of gardening, see "Gardening".
Definition: The production of plastics - any organic material with the ability to flow into a desired shape when heat and pressure are applied to it and to retain the shape when they are withdrawn.
Definition: Episodic audio or video content produced by organizations or individuals for dissemination over the Internet to personal media devices or computers.
Definition: Any use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks or threats by police or other law enforcement officers, which exceeds what is reasonably necessary to accomplish a lawful police activity.
Definition: Fatal shooting of a Louisiana man by a Baton Rouge Police Department officer following a confrontation outside a Baton Rouge convenience store on July 5, 2016.
Police shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri¶
ID: f9bb56cc885f451a878f7b57f13e1588
Event
Definition: The 2014 shooting of unarmed teenager Michael Brown by Ferguson, Missouri police officer Darren Wilson, and resulting events.
Police shooting of Philando Castile in Falcon Heights, Minnesota¶
ID: 2912fce81ecb4b4cb7a07398e702ac2f
Event
Definition: Fatal shooting of Philando Castile, a St. Paul, Minnesota man, by a police officer in Falcon Heights, Minnesota on July 6, 2016.
Police shooting of Walter Scott in North Charleston, South Carolina¶
ID: 52c8ae85457a4283977727ccab4d3ac0
Event
Definition: The April 2015 shooting of unarmed man Walter Scott by North Charleston, South Carolina police officer Michael Slager, and resulting events.
Definition: Public servants of a city, town, municipality, county, or state, with the responsibility of enforcing the law and maintaining order. Includes the management, funding and leadership of police departments. For acts of taking a person or persons into custody by law enforcement officials, see "Arrests". For formal investigations by police into criminal activities, see "Criminal investigations".
Definition: Independent organizations of business, labor or other special interest groups that raise money and make contributions to the campaigns of political candidates. Includes donations made by and illegal or unethical activities of political action committees.
Definition: The use of direct, often confrontational, action such as a protest, demonstration or strike, in opposition to or support of a political cause. Also includes less overt , more long-term efforts to change or influence government policy such as letter-writing campaigns.
Definition: Peaceful or violent public disturbances or disorder (such as riots, sit-ins, rallies or hunger strikes) caused by an organized or non-organized group, often in protest against the actions or policies of a government, corporation, or other organization.
Definition: Measurements of the public's satisfaction or dissatisfaction with publicly elected officials through the use of opinion polls. Includes reports on the latest rating numbers provided by various polling groups.
Definition: Targeted killings of governmental or military figures for political reasons. For all targeted killings of public figures, see "Assassinations."
Definition: Meetings of a political party to select candidates for office. Includes planning and preparing for a convention, events occurring at a convention and results of a convention.
Definition: Government officials' illegal or unethical use of their powers for private gain. Includes allegations of and trials and punishment for acts of corruption. For all publicized incidents involving a government official that bring about disgrace or offend the moral sensibilities of society in general, see also"Political scandals". For the moral aspects of the actions of governmental officials and other political figures, see also "Political ethics".
Definition: Public declarations of an individual's or group's support of a candidate for public office. Includes announcements of official endorsements.
Definition: The moral aspects of the actions of governmental officials and other political figures. Includes instances of alleged or confirmed ethics violations and the creation and revision of ethics codes. For government officials' illegal or unethical use of their powers for private gain, see "Political corruption". For all publicized incidents involving a government official that bring about disgrace or offend the moral sensibilities of society in general, see "Political scandals".
Definition: Groups that have achieved a level of notability and in which people work together to achieve a political goal by persuading citizens or government officials to take action on causes they support. For political organizations that work to achieve and hold on to political power in a government, typically through putting forward candidates for election, see "Political parties".
Definition: Organizations established to promote the interests of a national, state, or local political party or candidate or to influence the outcome of a political issue or legislation. See also individual political party names.
Definition: Political organizations that work to achieve and hold on to political power in a government, typically through putting forward candidates for election. Includes efforts by a party as a whole to achieve goals and a party's actions during elections. For groups in which people work together to achieve a political goal by persuading citizens or government officials to take action on causes they support, see "Political movements".
Definition: Instances of elected and appointed government officials voluntarily stepping down from office before their term has expired. Also includes calls for a political figure to resign. For articles on political figures being officially forced to step down from office, see "Impeachments".
Definition: Publicized incidents involving a government official that brings about disgrace or offends the moral sensibilities of society in general. For government officials' illegal or unethical use of their powers for private gain, see "Political corruption". For the moral aspects of the actions of governmental officials and other political figures, see "Political ethics".
Definition: Measurements of the human population in a defined area, usually given as a number of people per unit of area. Includes trends and shifts in density.
Definition: Analysis of the change in a regional or national population, regardless of cause. Includes the socioeconomic, political, and environmental effects of that change.
Definition: The appropriation of government spending for projects intended primarily to benefit particular constituents or campaign contributors of a legislator. Includes incidents of pork barrel items in legislation and efforts to reduce or eliminate pork barrel spending.
Definition: Sexually explicit media. Focuses on the social impact of pornography, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for performers. See "Child pornography" for criminal cases and trials. See "Adult entertainment" for sexually explicit performance, including burlesque.
Definition: Portable handheld devices used for storing and playing digital audio files, such as music or podcasts. For other audio electronics such as speakers or receivers, see "Audio equipment."
Definition: A severe anxiety disorder caused by experiencing a traumatic event such as combat or a violent attack, characterized by symptoms such as depression, nightmares or flashbacks, anxiety, social avoidance or sleep disturbances.
Definition: The construction of power lines, power towers, power plants, and radio, television, and telecommunications transmitting and receiving towers.
Definition: Construction of facilities used to generate electric power. Power can be generated from fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, water (hydroelectricity), the sun (solar), the wind and geothermal heat.
Definition: The period during which a developing fetus is carried within the uterus, as well as the period including and immediately following birth, and the various health concerns that arise during these periods.
Definition: Elections in which registered voters in a jurisdiction select a political party's candidate for a later election. Includes primary election campaigns, laws and voting. For the specific types of elections included in primary elections, see "House elections", "Local elections", "National elections", "Senate elections" and "State elections."
Definition: Devices that convert computer output into printed images or that read a printed page and convert it into a graphics image for the computer. Includes reviews of and technological advances in printers and scanners.
Definition: Any kind of violence occurring within a prison, initiated either by inmates or prison employees, such as stabbings, beatings, assaults or brawls. For news specifically about riots, see 'Prison riots.'
Definition: Agreements between opposing sides of a war or other hostile conflict to release prisoners, such as hostages, spies or POWs, to one another under specific terms.
Definition: The physical and mental well-being and medical care of incarcerated people. Includes prison health care systems, disease outbreaks and mental health issues in prison.
Definition: The administration, operations, legislation or policies surrounding prison systems and inmate populations, or studies conducted regarding prison systems. For specific reports about prison sentences, see 'Sentencing.'
Definition: Cost of tuition and other expenses associated with sending a child to a private educational institution, from the perspective of the consumer.
Definition: Procedures certain products and services need to undergo to be considered safe for use and consumption prior to being marketed to the public.
Definition: Technologies involved in the production or processing of entertainment media, such as video or audio editing software or music production tools.
Definition: A corporation's facilities necessary to produce its products - plants, warehouses, bakeries, refineries, mines, bottling facilities, wells, etc.
Definition: Increasing one's job-related skills through training and other educational opportunities in order to maintain a certain career path. Professional development can be pursued independently or through programs offered through one's employer.
Definition: Acts of criminal negligence or malfeasance, either accidental or intentional, conducted by professionals such as lawyers or doctors, resulting in damages or injury to an individual. For articles on medical malpractice in a more neutral context, see "Medical malpractice."
Definition: The development of professional contacts who may be able to provide assistance with career-related issues, including a job search, and for whom one can provide assistance in return.
Definition: Formal or informal organizations formed on the basis of a shared occupation or profession, often meeting regularly or interacting in other organized fashions.
Definition: Services such as accounting, architecture and design, commercial printing, educational services, legal services, real estate services and staffing services.
Definition: Formal dances for high school students typically held at the end of the academic year for seniors or juniors. Includes prom dress shopping, prom fashion shows and trends, and after-prom parties.
Definition: Organizations that offer insurance on the work at the site against loss or damage caused by perils of fire, lightning, extended coverage (wind, hail, explosion, except steam boiler explosion, riot, civil commotion, aircraft, land vehicles, and smoke), vandalism and malicious mischief, and additional perils (as otherwise provided or requested).
Definition: Significant damage inflicted on property such as buildings, trees or vehicles as a result of accidents (e.g. plane crashes), natural disasters/severe weather (e.g. hurricanes, wind storms) or willful or negligent human activity (e.g. riots, unrest or crime).
Definition: Artificial devices used to replace missing or damaged body parts, such as limbs, teeth, eyes, or heart valves, as well as the technologies involved in these devices.
Definition: Performance of sex acts for money. Focuses on the social impact of prostitution, laws, statistics, prevention, and advocacy and resources for sex workers. See "Child pornography" and "Human trafficking" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Public displays of group or individual support of a political or social cause, usually organized, and often in opposition to the actions or policies of a government, corporation, or other organization.
Definition: A preliminary statement drawn up and signed by diplomats that is used as the basis for a final treaty or convention. Includes the formation of protocols, protocol announcements and the impacts of the protocols.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates to fill government offices for a province, which is at the level between local and national governments. Includes provincial election campaigns, laws and voting.
Definition: The study of the nature, functions, and phenomena of the human mind. Parapsychology and pop-psychology are not included. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Psychotherapy" for the therapeutic treatment of mental, behavioral or emotional disorders.
Definition: Therapeutic treatment of mental, behavioral or emotional disorders, such as depression or anxiety, by means of verbal counseling sessions, one-on-one or in small groups.
Definition: Art displayed in a public space for the enjoyment of the general public. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: The medical field concerned with protecting, promoting and improving the health of a community as a whole, through efforts such as disease prevention, health education, food safety or environmental health measures.
Definition: Aggregate opinions of the general public on politics and topics of social controversy, usually extrapolated from polls of randomly-selected people. Includes results of such polling and analysis of society based on it.
Definition: Radio content produced and transmitted by not-for-profit organizations that fund their operations with the support of government grants and individual donations, rather than through the sale of advertising.
Definition: Establishments that provide publicity, for individuals, organizations and businesses, that does not necessitate payment in a wide variety of media and is often placed as news or items of public interest.
Definition: Television content produced and transmitted by not-for-profit organizations that fund their operations with the support of government grants and individual donations, rather than through the sale of advertising.
Definition: Shooting at the Quebec Islamic Cultural Centre in the Sainte-Foy section of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada during evening prayers on January 29, 2017. The shooting left six people dead, five in critical condition and 12 injured. Canada's prime minister Justin Trudeau called it an act of terrorism. Police arrested one suspect, Alexandre Bissonnette.
Definition: Management of a security that sells like a stock on the major exchanges and invests in real estate directly, either through properties or mortgages.
Definition: Real estate investment trusts are similar to mutual funds, but they invest in real estate. They may be either public or private, and sell like stocks on major exchanges.
Definition: An infectious and often fatal viral disease of bats and most carnivorous animals that affects the central nervous system, with characteristics such as aggressiveness, dementia and eventual paralysis.
Definition: The cultural heritage and identity of racial and ethnic groups and communities, as well as the social problems, controversies, and debates arising from racial and ethnic differences, including affirmative action, racial disparities and discrimination. See "African-Americans", "Hispanics", and "Native Americans" for content focused on those groups specifically. See "Ethnic conflicts" for armed or unarmed conflicts between two or more ethnic groups.
Definition: The operation of illegal businesses, often by criminal organizations, that may involve crimes such as extortion, illegal gambling, money laundering or fraud.
Definition: Racquet sport played in a walled-in court by two to four competitors. Racquetball is similar to squash, but uses a shorter racquet, a larger ball, different scoring rules, and a different court layout where more surfaces, including the ceiling, are in play.
Definition: Audio content, created for purposes of entertainment or education, and broadcast or distributed online. Includes music, sports, and talk programming. For news programming, see "News radio". For industry contexts, see "Radio broadcasting".
Definition: Dissemination of audio entertainment content, news, and information via wireless terrestrial broadcast, satellite, or the Internet. Programs are generally episodic and broadcast on an announced schedule. See "Radio broadcasting" for industry content. See "Radio programs" for specific genres.
Definition: Any natural or man-made disruption in train travel, including railroad station closures or delays, track debris or power outages, or train congestion or cancellations.
Definition: The process of returning to the workforce after a gap in employment. The largest group of people with such gaps are parents who have stayed at home to raise their children.
Definition: The reading of written material for one's pleasure. Includes book discussion clubs, book and reading festivals and summer reading. See also "Books and literature". For the ability to read and write from and educational perspective, see "Literacy". For the book industry, see "Book publishing".
Definition: Organized opposition to a government or other ruling authority, often but not necessarily violent. Includes events characterized as revolutions, revolts, and resistance movements, and describes a relatively large-scale and sustained effort. For smaller-scale events, consider "Political and civil unrest" or one of its narrower terms.
Definition: The process through which elected officials can be removed from office by a direct vote before the end of their term. Includes steps in the actual recalls of officials as well as preparations for and results of the elections.
Definition: Recessions are typically two or more straight quarters of economic decline. Depressions are periods of negative economic growth that are more severe than recessions in terms of magnitude and/or length.
Definition: Criminal acts of intentionally or unintentionally engaging in conduct that puts another person or persons in danger of serious injury or death.
Definition: Accidents that occur during recreational activities such as hiking, climbing, ballooning, recreational sports, or at entertainment events or amusement parks.
Definition: Activities and events for enjoyment, amusement or relaxation. Includes amusement and theme parks, bars and clubs, fairs and festivals, hobbies, museums, outdoor recreation activities, games and gambling.
Definition: Any of various games played on a cloth-topped, cushion-railed rectangular table by driving small, hard balls against one another or into pockets with a long stick called a cue.
Definition: Dancing for personal enjoyment. Includes announcements of recreational dances, activities of dance clubs and announcements of dances open to the publics. See also "Dance" for dance performance at all levels, with an emphasis on production of professional dance.
Definition: Measures taken by a government to influence or control the possession, distribution and use of prescripton, non-prescription and illegal drugs for recreational purposes. Does not include alcohol, tobacco or caffeine. Includes the creation, implementation and effects of recreational drug legislation and regulation. For the regulation of the manufacturing of legal prescription and non-prescription drugs, see "Pharmaceutical industry regulation". For measures taken by a government to influence or control the production, distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages, see "Alcohol laws and regulation". For efforts by a government to control or influence the tobacco industry, See "Tobacco industry regulation". For measures by a government to influence or control the act of smoking, see "Smoking laws and regulations".
Definition: Non-professional running activities such as 5Ks, 10Ks, marathons and fun runs. For professional, collegiate and scholastic running, see "Track and field".
Definition: Non-competitive activities in which a person rides standing balanced on a small board mounted on wheels. For competitve skateboarding, see "Skateboarding".
Definition: A recreational athletic contest in which participants compete without stopping in three successive events, usually long-distance swimming, bicycling, and running.
Definition: Bank whose primary business is making loans to customers in a regional or metropolitan area and taking deposits within the state where it is chartered. A regional bank has a broader market focus than a Community Bank, but smaller than a Money Center Bank.
Definition: Governmental bodies that regulate an area of human activity in the public interest. For U.S. regulatory bodies, see also the specific agency name.
Definition: The practice of insurers transferring portions of risk portfolios to other parties by some form of agreement in order to reduce the likelihood of having to pay a large obligation resulting from an insurance claim.
Definition: Annual commemorations of the beginning of a committed personal relationship, whether legally married or not. Includes announcements of celebrations held in honor of a couple's anniversary.
Definition: Social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people. Covers parenting, extended family, siblings, friendships, dating, couples, social networking and workplace relationships among others.
Definition: All topics related to religion and its place in society, particularly socially and politically controversial topics. See terms for individual belief systems for their activities at all levels of organization.
Definition: Writing believed by followers of a religion to be the word of God. Includes religious interpretation, academic analysis, archeological discovery of or about textual artifacts, and studies of such texts.
Definition: Consumer shopping for items (other than antiques) that have been previously sold or owned. Includes thrift, second-hand, consignment and vintage stores, as well as flea markets or other resale markets. For consumer shopping for collectible objects that were created during an earlier period of human history, see "Antique shopping".
Definition: Establishments that provide residential social and personal care for children, senior citizens, and special categories of individuals with some limits on ability for self-care, but where medical care is not a major element.
Definition: Accidental or intentionally set fires occurring in residential settings such as homes, houses or apartment buildings, resulting in property damage and/or death or injury. For fire-related criminal activity, see 'Arson.'
Definition: Advice, guidance, trends, do-it-yourself tips and other information on buildings used as a domicile. Includes home building, buying, selling, maintenance and remodeling; condos and co-ops; vacation homes, second homes and more. For the real estate industry see "Real estate services". For the financial and economic aspects of real estate, see "Real estate".
Definition: Business establishments that prepare and serve food and beverages to the general public. Includes restaurant reviews and announcements of restaurant openings, closings, relocations and chef hirings.
Definition: The December 2014 announcement of the restoration of diplomatic relations between the United States and Cuba after more than 50 years and resulting events.
Definition: The process of recording in written form a summary of one's professional, educational and personal experiences for the purpose of applying for employment.
Definition: The retail industry is the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers. The wholesale industry is the sale of goods in large quantities, as for resale by a retailer.
Definition: Gatherings of the members of a group who have not seen each other for a long period of time. Includes family and school reunions. For other gatherings of families, see "Family gatherings".
Definition: Violent, disorganized instances of civil disorder by a large number of people, often involving vandalism, usually as an expression of dissent or in response to a perceived or actual grievance.
Definition: The maintenance and enforcement of safety of, as well as the potential hazards encountered by, drivers and passengers on roads, streets, highways or freeways used by vehicles.
Definition: The technologies involved in the design and function of robots in various applications, from household use to medical or military robotics.
Definition: A game in which players assume the roles of characters and act out fantastical adventures, the outcomes of which are partially determined by chance, as by the roll of dice.
Definition: The Jewish New Year and start of the Ten Days of Awe in which Jewish people are encouraged to repent before God to receive His forgiveness for their sins.
Definition: Elections held after no single candidate receives the majority of the votes in the initial round. Usually held between the top two candidates. Includes run-off election campaigns, laws and voting.
Definition: An extended leave of absence from one's job, which may be paid or unpaid. Often -- but not necessarily -- used for travel, research, or special projects.
Definition: Criminal acts that either deliberately damage or destroy property for the purposes of extortion, or that disrupt or hinder operations in the form of protests.
Definition: Expeditions for observing, photographing or hunting animals, particularly in Africa. Includes features about particular safaris and deals on safari vacations.
Definition: Creation or celebration of saints -- individuals officially recognized by a religious authority for their goodness or righteousness. Includes all stages and discussions of the creation or canonization of new saints, attribution of miracles or other events to saints, and all aspects of doctrine surrounding saints and sainthood.
Definition: Mass shooting in San Bernardino, California at the Inland Regional Center, a provider of social services for people with developmental disabilities, on December 2, 2015. The attack killed 14 people and injured a dozen others. The suspects, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, died in an ensuing shootout with police.
Definition: Fatal shooting by police of a black man at a strip mall in El Cajon, California, near San Diego, on September 27, 2016. The man reportedly pulled an object from his pocket, pointed it at officers and assumed a "shooting stance," according to authorities.
Definition: Dissemination of audio entertainment content, news, and information via satellite broadcast. Programs are generally episodic and broadcast on an announced schedule. See "Radio broadcasting" for industry content. See "Radio programs" for specific genres.
Definition: Dissemination of video entertainment content, news, and information directly to consumers via satellite. Programs are generally episodic and shown on an announced schedule. See "Television broadcasting" for industry content. See "Television programs" for specific genres.
Definition: A psychotic disorder characterized by symptoms such as disassociation with one's surroundings, social withdrawal, delusions and hallucinations.
Definition: Certification by a qualified governing body that an educational institution meets specified standards of quality in its academic programs and facilities. Includes accreditation standards and the accreditation of individual institutions.
Definition: Interscholastic and intramural sports teams that are sanctioned and organized by educational institutions. Includes administration and management of the teams, experiences of student athletes, facilities, and academic requirements for participation. See "High school sports" and "College sports" for games and tournaments.
Definition: Academic, educational and personal counseling for students at all levels of education, provided by the school, to help them through problems and to make the most of their educational experiences. Counseling services also include the facilitation of communication between students, teachers, parents, and administrators.
Definition: Physical facilities and equipment belonging to educational institutions, including buildings, athletic facilities, and transportation equipment. See "School construction" for construction industry content.
Definition: Violent crime and other physical violence within a school setting. Focuses on the social impact of violence, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and perpetrators. See "Violent crime" and "School shootings" for criminal cases and trials. See "Bullying" for acts of intimidation that may or may not include physical violence or the threat of physical violence.
Definition: A level of understanding of scientific terms and constructs sufficient to understand the essence of scientific information and publications.
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to fostering scientific and technological research and development. Covers the creation, implementation and effects of science policy.
Definition: The ongoing discovery and increase of human knowledge through systematic and disciplined experimentation, and the body of knowledge thus obtained. Includes all branches of natural and social sciences, scientific issues and controversies, space exploration, and similar topics. May include some aspects of "applied science", but for content about inventions, computers, engineering, etc., Technology is often a more appropriate category.
Definition: Socially and politically controversial topics in the sciences and scientific research. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Accepted code of ethics within the scientific community, particularly focusing on plagiarism, fabrication of data, and treatment of human and animal subjects.
Definition: Violation of the code of ethics within the scientific community, particularly focusing on plagiarism, fabrication of data, and treatment of human and animal subjects.
Definition: Investigation of hypotheses regarding observed phenomena using the procedures of the scientific method to gather evidence and interpret experimental results.
Definition: Three-dimensional art in any medium. Includes artist profiles, commentary, exhibits, sales or auctions of the art, acquisitions by museums or other institutions, awards, and education for artists.
Definition: Software applications used for finding and retrieving specific information on computer networks or on the Internet. Includes Internet browsers, enterprise data search applications and indexing technologies.
Definition: A form of depression that occurs during a specific time of the year, most often fall and winter, when natural sunlight decreases and days grow shorter.
Definition: Residences that are not one's principal or primary home and which are typically for vacation or investment purposes. Includes buying and selling second homes, recommended locales for a second home and the role of second home owners in a community.
Definition: The movement of societies away from the influence of a dominant religion towards secular values. See "Church and state" and "Religion in politics" for the relationship between religion and government. See "Freedom of religion" for the right of the individual to practice (or not practice) any religion without government interference.
Definition: The study of earthquakes and tectonics. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The enhancement of one's physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being. Covers information for the general public on stress management, support groups, work-life balance, self-help books, meditation, life coaches and motivational speakers.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates for the upper house of a bicameral legislature. Includes campaigns and election results both for the primary and general elections.
Definition: The achievement and maintenance of the health and well-being of older adults (often 65 years old or older), as well as health issues of particular interest to seniors, such as Alzheimer's disease, the health effects of aging, or osteoporosis.
Definition: People who have reached an advanced age, and are seen as belonging to an older demographic within their societies. Includes the lives and activities of seniors, and issues pertaining to or of particular interest to seniors. Also see "Seniors' health".
Definition: The division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among separate and independent bodies to prevent absolute power from residing in a single person or group. Includes incidents that violate or challenge the concept of separation of powers and governmental action to bolster separation of powers.
Definition: The criminal slayings of at least three victims committed by the same individual in a serial manner, with intervals in between each killing.
Definition: Cutoffs or interruptions in the delivery of communication, technology or utility services to customers. Includes disruptions to such services as telephone, internet or water often due to mechanical failures, severe weather or overuse.
Definition: Human sexual activity as viewed by -- and affected by -- the larger society. Sex as a social issue. See "Sexual assault", "Sexual abuse", and "Child sexual exploitation" for criminal cases and trials. See "Sexual and reproductive health" for health and medical content.
Definition: The administration, legislation or policies surrounding the system that requires convicted sex offenders to register their residential and employment addresses. For specific reports of crimes, see 'Sexual assault', 'Sexual abuse', 'Child abuse' or 'Child sexual exploitation.'
Definition: Illegal sexual conduct against a person or persons, such as molestation, incest, or unwanted touching, that can occur repeatedly over long periods of time. For more immediate and violent acts of sexual abuse, see 'Sexual assault.' For abuse directed specifically at children, see 'Child abuse.'
Definition: Health topics related to the human reproductive system and sexual health, such as birth control, childbirth, infertility or the practice of safe sex.
Definition: Criminal acts of inflicting physical sexual violence, such as rape, forced penetration or sexual torture, on another person or persons. These acts are usually immediate, of short duration or infrequent; for sexual misconduct of a more suggestive nature or which happens over long periods of time, see 'Sexual abuse.' For sexual assault specifically of minors, see 'Child sexual exploitation.'
Definition: Unwanted sexual or romantic advances in the workplace, particularly when the victim's employment, salary, or rank are controlled by the abuser. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Sexual assault" and "Sexual abuse" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: The achievement and maintenance of healthy human sexuality in all stages of life, including the practice of safe sex, healthy sexual function and good mental health regarding sexuality.
Definition: Severe internal trauma inflicted on the brain of an infant, caused by violent and intentional shaking, which often results in brain damage, disability or death.
Definition: The trading of company shares already owned for a greater number of shares. Also, the payment of stock in the buying company when one company acquires another.
Definition: Yearly shareholder meetings, usually held at the end of a fiscal year, where the previous year's performance is discussed and new directors are elected by common shareholders.
Definition: Special privileges of a company's shareholders depending on the class of stock, like voting rights, elections to the board of directors, income distribution, rights to the company's assets, etc.
Definition: Incident in which video released by police shows 17-year old Laquan McDonald being shot 16 times by Chicago, Illinois police officer Jason Van Dyke on October 20, 2014.
Definition: Shooting of 12 police officers and two civilians during a peaceful protest in downtown Dallas on the night of July 7, 2016 over the recent fatal shootings of black men in Louisiana and Minnesota. Five police officers died in the Dallas shooting. Police said a suspect said he was upset over the recent police shootings of black men and wanted to kill white people. That suspect was killed by the police. Three other suspects were arrested.
Definition: Fatal shooting of two police officers in separate, ambush-style incidents in the Des Moines, Iowa area on November 2, 2016. One incident occurred in Urbandale, Iowa and the other in Des Moines. A suspect, Scott Michael Greene, was captured by police.
Definition: Buildings containing a variety stores with interior and/or exterior interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from store to store. Includes openings and closings of malls or of individual stores within a mall.
Definition: Retail shopping as it pertains to the end consumer including shopping advice and announcements of store openings and closings. Covers various types of shopping including antique, food, gift, holiday, luxury, online and resale shopping. Also includes home shopping television, personal shoppers and shopping malls. For shopping from an industry perspective, see "Retail industry" and "Retail and wholesale sector performance".
Definition: Two or more individuals having one or both parents in common. Includes various sibling-related matters, such as elderly siblings, siblings playing on sports teams together, siblings donating organs to another sibling and mourning the loss of a sibling.
Definition: A hereditary blood disorder, primarily affecting people of African descent, characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells that cause severe anemia, joint pain and frequent infections.
Definition: Holes formed on the earth's surface by displacement of soil or dissolution of bedrock, triggered either naturally or by events such as underground pipe bursts, often adversely affecting roads or structures situated over the sink hole.
Definition: Ski jumping from a snow-covered ramp at the professional or amateur level. See "Water skiing and wakeboarding" for all water skiing content.
Definition: Competitive snow skiing at the professional or amateur level. See "Recreational skiing" for non-competitive skiing. See "Water skiing and wakeboarding" for all water skiing content.
Definition: The recreational activity of jumping from an airplane and deploying a parachute. Includes charity skydives; guides on where one can skydive; and notable skydives, such as for a milestone birthday.
Definition: Human bondage, in which people are treated as property and forced to work for little or no pay. Victims may also be victims of human trafficking. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Forced labor" and "Human trafficking" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Activities and issues pertaining to independently-owned businesses with a small number of employees. The legal definition varies by country and industry, but generally means fewer than 200 employees for non-manufacturing industries in the US, and usually much smaller.
Definition: Cellular mobile phones that are capable of also functioning as gaming devices, calendars, cameras, e-book readers and personal organizers among others. Includes content mainly about the device itself. For mobile applications, see "Mobile software."
Definition: Measures by a government to influence or control the act of smoking. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of such measures.
Definition: The governmental policies and regulations, as well as personal habits and behaviors pertaining to smoking as it relates to individual and public health.
Definition: Criminal acts of secretly transporting goods or people past a point where they are legally permitted for the purposes of evading customs duties (such as vehicles) or for illegal activity (such as drugs for trade).
Definition: Competitive snowboarding at the professional or amateur level, including slalom, half-pipe, and snowboard cross. See "Recreational snowboarding" for non-competitive snowboarding.
Definition: Association football, also called club football and European football. See "Football" for gridiron football, including American football and Canadian football.
Definition: The non-governmental structures, institutions, concerns, and problems of human society. Includes all categories pertaining to Education, Religion, and Philanthropy, along with topics that can be considered "social issues" -- controversies, debates, and topics that are directly related to human rights, human welfare, and other areas of societal concern.
Definition: Formal or informal organizations formed on the basis of a shared common interest, often meeting regularly or interacting in other organized fashions.
Definition: The communicating and sharing of information among people with a common interest via social media or in-person gatherings. Includes tips and how-to advice, cyberbullying and etiquette. For social media technologies, see "Social media".
Definition: The creation, engineering and design of software used in computer applications, platforms or operating systems. The software is for use on any computerized device or the Internet.
Definition: The industry that creates and manufactures software - the programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the functioning of the hardware and direct its operation.
Definition: The illegal copying of software for distribution within the organization or to friends, clubs and other groups or for commercial duplication and resale.
Definition: Unforeseen negative incidents occurring in space or involving space vessels, such as space shuttle accidents, satellite collisions or space equipment malfunctions.
Definition: Exploration and observation of space beyond Earth's atmosphere through manned and unmanned missions. See "Space industry" for industry content. See also, "Astronomy".
Definition: Technologies involved in space launch and space travel. Includes space suit design, nutrition in space, orbital telemetrics and space missions.
Definition: The technology, design and engineering of spacecraft and their propulsion systems. Includes manned and unmanned space vehicles, space launch systems and jet propulsion technologies. For news about launches of space vehicles, see "Space launches".
Definition: Facilities providing therapeutic baths, massages and other personal care treatments such as aromatherapy, body wraps, facials and nail care. Includes openings and closings of spas, new services being offered by spas and upcoming spa events.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates to fill an elected office that has become vacant before the official's term has expired. Special elections may occur due to death, resignation or expulsion from office. Includes special election campaigns, laws and voting.
Definition: Organizations that attempt to influence government policies, laws and regulations in favor of an issue they support. Includes the activities, legal or illegal, of special interest groups. A special interest group must form a political action committee to contribute to federal candidates or parties.
Definition: Treatments and therapies aimed at improving congenital or acquired speech and language disorders, such as stammering, language delays or apraxia.
Definition: The production of spices, table salt, seasonings, flavoring extracts, salad dressings, mustard, ketchup, gravies and sauces, frosting mixes, and other condiments.
Definition: Discovering and connecting to the essence of one's being and to something bigger than one's self. Activities undertaken in pursuit of the aforementioned including advice, conferences, classes, workshops, discussion groups, readings, practices such as yoga and meditation and travel to spiritual locations around the world. For the enhancement of one's physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being, see "Self- improvement".
Definition: Organizations that run and operate sporting goods stores - stores that sell sporting and athletic goods not elsewhere classified, such as fishing tackle; golf and tennis goods; baseball, football, basketball, and boxing equipment; roller skates and ice skates; gymnasium and playground equipment; billiard and pool tables; and bowling alleys and equipment.
Definition: The industry involved with owning and operating professional and minor league sports teams and the professional management of sports figures including representing clients in contract negotiations; managing or organizing clients' financial affairs; and generally promoting clients' careers.
Definition: Periodic publications covering sports. Many news magazines publish content in both the print and digital environments. See "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: The field of medicine concerned with diagnosis, prevention and treatment of injuries or disorders related to or resulting from athletic activity. For specific athletes' health conditions, see "Athlete health".
Definition: Executive management of professional sports teams and leagues. Incorporates all business operations, including marketing, finance, interactions with government entities, and legal affairs.
Definition: Transactions involving professional sports players and personnel. Includes trades, free agent signings, drafted player signings, releases of players, hiring and firing of coaches, and movement of players between the major and minor leagues.
Definition: Organized competitive activities, usually physical in nature, and the systems and practices that support them. Includes all team and individual sports at all levels. Also includes sports media, business, equipment, issues, and controversies.
Definition: Software installed on a computer without the user's knowledge, which gathers information about the user's activities for advertising or other purposes.
Definition: Racquet sport played in a walled-in court by two or four competitors. Squash is similar to racquetball, but uses a larger racquet, a smaller and more elastic ball, different scoring rules, and a different court layout with significant out of bounds areas.
Definition: Explosion in a Saint Petersburg, Russia subway station that killed 14 and injured dozens more on April 3, 2017. An unidentified explosive device went off at 2:20 p.m. on a train leaving the Technology Institute station and heading to the Sennaya Square station, Russia's National Anti-Terrorist Committee said. Russian authorities also found and deactivated another bomb at a separate busy Saint Petersburg subway station, Vosstaniya Square by the Moscow railway station.
Definition: The provision of candidates for various positions in a business. These can range from executive and midlevel management positions to clerical openings. Workers can either by permanent, temporary, or leased full-time.
Definition: The art of designing and constructing the visual elements of a theatrical, film, or television production. Includes scenery, props, lighting, sound, costuming, and makeup.
Definition: Luminous celestial bodies producing energy through thermonuclear fusion. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Legally-binding government plan for a state's or province's intended expenditures and its means of financing them. Covers the status of a state's or province's budget, including deficits, and efforts to create and balance a budget. For governmental budgets at the national and local levels, see "National budgets" and "Local budgets".
Definition: Government bodies with the authority to hear and judge legal disputes at the state or provincial level. Includes state supreme courts, state district courts and state appellate courts. Includes the courts themselves including administration, management and personnel.
Definition: A dinner held by one nation for a visiting head of state from another country. The dinner is held during a state visit that is at the invitation of the host nation's head of state. Include preparations for the dinner and activities during and outcomes of the dinner event itself.
Definition: The process of voting for candidates to fill government offices for a state, province or other political division that is at a level between local and national governments. Includes state election campaigns, laws and voting.
Definition: Publicly held funeral or burial services honoring heads of state, highly-ranked military officials and other prominent government or national figures.
Definition: The governing bodies of states, provinces or other political divisions that are at a level between local and national governments. Covers the administration of the civic affairs of those political divisions including budgets, courts, and taxes.
Definition: The branch of state government that has the power to make or enact laws. Includes the process of crafting laws and campaigns and elections of legislative members.
Definition: Levies on income, products, services or activities charged to individuals or businesses by a state or provincial government. Includes creation of taxes, revisions to tax codes and tax credits or refunds.
Definition: An official visit by one nation's head of state to another nation. The visit is usually at the invitation of the host nation's head of state. Include preparations for the visit and activities during and outcomes of the visit itself.
Definition: Parents who choose to forego employment and make raising their children and caring for their home their full-time job. Includes trends, issues, and books and other resources for stay at home parents.
Definition: The production of steel - a generally hard, strong, durable, malleable alloy of iron and carbon, usually containing between 0.2 and 1.5 percent carbon, often with other constituents such as manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt, or silicon, depending on the desired alloy properties, and widely used as a structural material.
Definition: Social controversy about the use and potential destruction of human embryos in medical research for the production of stem cells. Research using stem cells from other sources is not particularly controversial. See "Stem cell research" for research on all types of stem cells.
Definition: Research conducted into the unspecialized master cells that have the ability to renew and differentiate themselves, becoming specialized cells that have the potential to constitute various treatments and therapies for illnesses. For the controversy surrounding this research, see "Stem cell research controversy."
Definition: A stepfamily is formed by the marriage or long-term cohabitation of two individuals, when one or both have at least one child from a previous relationship living part-time or full-time in the household.
Definition: Significant filings and pricings of the registered offerings of companies. Includes initial public offering, secondary stock offerings, corporate debt issuance, shelf registrations and other financing actions. Also includes investments by outside parties, funding activities and shell company activities. May also include sales of shares in private transactions.
Definition: The crash of a large beer truck into an upscale department store in central Stockholm on Friday, April 7, 2017, that killed at least four people and injured 12 to 15 people. Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven called the crash a terror attack. Police confirmed one person was arrested.
Definition: Disturbances in the earth's atmosphere that cause adverse or severe weather conditions on the earth's surface, usually consisting of strong winds, rain, snow, lightning or hail.
Definition: Technology that allows audio or video content to be played on a computer or device as it is being downloaded, as opposed to waiting until a download has finished.
Definition: A natural state of mental tension in response to adverse external conditions, which can have harmful health effects if triggered in excess and not adequately managed. For methods of managing stress, see "Stress management".
Definition: Organized stoppages of work by employees, often at the direction of a labor union, in order to pressure employers into granting concessions or improving labor practices.
Definition: A proposed unified theory of the universe which postulates that subatomic particles are not points but one-dimensional ?strings?. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: The sudden loss of blood supply to the brain caused by arterial rupture or obstruction, causing loss of consciousness, sensation or mobility, or death.
Definition: Collapses or ruptures of major man-made or natural structures and equipment such as bridges, tunnels, cranes, scaffolds or stadiums, often resulting in property damage and/or bodily harm.
Definition: Evaluation of students' knowledge of a subject or aptitude for a task. Covers standardized tests, state-wide or national tests, physical fitness tests, career aptitude assessment, unit-level tests, and comprehensive exams. Includes controversies associated with testing, including perceived racial and ethnic bias in standardized tests, use of student test results to evaluate teachers and schools, and the pressure on teachers to focus on tested skills to the exclusion of other topics.
Definition: Travel by students that is for pleasure or educational purposes. Includes field trips, service trips, band and cheerleading trips, trips to science fairs and other student competitions as well as spring break travel.
Definition: Residential areas providing housing and family-oriented services for workers who commute into a nearby city. Suburbs commonly have lower population density than their associated cities. Focuses on the social, political, and environmental impacts of suburban development. See "Urban sprawl" for environmental concerns related to the spread of urban and suburban development.
Definition: The production of a crystalline or powdered substance that is made from sugar cane and sugar beets and is used to sweeten foods and drinks.
Definition: Unforeseen, violent, deadly and ideologically-motivated attacks in which the attacker expects to die in the process of killing others and inflicting widespread damage.
Definition: Efforts to increase awareness and reduce the incidence of suicide through proactive preventive measures. For reports of suicides, see "Suicides," or for suicide in the context of euthanasia, see "Assisted suicide.'
Definition: Reports of individuals intentionally ending their own lives. For suicide as a mental health issue, see "Suicide prevention," or for suicide as euthanasia, see "Assisted suicide."
Definition: A social gathering of about 100 thousand people known as hippies or flower children in Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco, California in the summer of 1967.
Definition: High-profile meetings between heads of state, government or political leaders, where the agenda entails such topics as the global economy, armed conflict resolution, or climate change.
Definition: Technological applications using specialized computers that have the greatest available processing power, usually for highly specialized high-volume scientific or industrial computations.
Definition: A property of certain materials where electrical resistance disappears as the material is cooled to absolute zero. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Explosions of stars, releasing great bursts of light and energy. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Insurance plans that provide additional medical coverage -- either additional payment amounts, or coverage for expenses not covered by other plans.
Definition: A group of people, sometimes led by a therapist, who provide one another with moral support, information, and advice on problems relating to some shared characteristic or experience. Includes announcements of the formation of new groups, meeting announcements and profiles of specific groups.
Definition: Medical procedures involving major incisions to remove diseased tissue, repair damaged tissue, or examine tissue to determine what type of disease is present.
Definition: A legal or private arrangement between a woman and a couple or other person in which the woman carries a child intended to be raised by the other party. Includes all aspects of surrogacy that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy.
Definition: Development that 'meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'. Most often refers to the sustainable use of natural resources, but may also include economic and social concerns.
Definition: Businesses that abuse their employees by paying extremely low wages, withholding wages, and forcing employees to work long hours in unsafe conditions to reduce costs. Sweatshops are most often engaged in manufacturing goods, but may also be service operations like commercial laundries or nail salons. Employees may also be victims of forced labor, human trafficking, or child labor and are often kept silent through intimidation and threats of physical abuse or deportation. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of victims. See "Forced labor" for criminal cases and trials. Also see "Worker's rights".
Definition: Television broadcasting of current events and commentary. See "Television" for content on television as a distribution format. See "Television broadcasting" and "News programming" for industry content. See "Television programs" for entertainment and educational TV content.
Definition: Newspaper format commonly focused on sensationalized or scandalous content. Many tabloids publish content in both the print and digital environments. See "Newspaper and magazine publishing" for industry content.
Definition: Management agencies for artists, entertainers, and other public figures: representing clients in contract negotiations; managing or organizing client's financial affairs; and generally promoting the careers of their clients.
Definition: Unforeseen and accidental collisions or crashes involving sea-faring vessels that carry bulk liquids such as oil, chemicals or liquefied gases, often resulting in death, injury or environmental contamination.
Definition: Permanent marks or designs made on the skin by ingraining an indelible pigment. Includes health concerns related to tattoos, the opening of tattoo parlors, tattoo trends and tattoo festivals.
Definition: Laws that make changes to tax provisions, including filing requirements, income reporting, allowable deductions, tax credits and tax rates.
Definition: Romantic or sexual relationships between teachers and their students, particularly when those students are underage. Focuses on the social impact of such abuse, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and abusers. See "Child sexual exploitation" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: The process of instructing students in academic subjects. Includes teacher qualifications and certification, hiring and firing of teachers, labor negotiations, teachers' salaries, evaluations of teachers' performance, and other topics related to the profession of teaching.
Definition: Tools, machines, systems or techniques, especially those derived from scientific knowledge and often electronic or digital in nature, for implementation in industry and/or everyday human activities. Includes all types of technological innovations and products, such as computers, communication and entertainment devices, software, industrial advancements, and the issues and controversies that technology gives rise to.
Definition: The nutritional and dietary concerns of teenagers, including healthy eating, nutritional supplementation and the prevention of illnesses related to poor nutrition.
Definition: People who become parents before reaching the age of maturity themselves. Includes all aspects of teen parenthood that intersect with law and rights or which engender social controversy, demographic analyses, and underage parents in society.
Definition: The state of mental pressure, tension or strain in teenagers, usually in response to external factors, the adverse effects of such tension, and methods of coping with it. For more general topics related to stress, see "Stress." For methods of managing stress, see "Stress management" or "Job stress management."
Definition: Companies that produce transmitters and receivers (including satellites); signal boosters; signal processors; connecting devices; power supplies and other components used in telecommunications.
Definition: Video content created for purposes of entertainment or education and either broadcast directly to consumers or distributed via cable, satellite, or the internet. Programs are generally episodic and shown on an announced schedule. See "TV news" for news media content. See "Television broadcasting" for industry content.
Definition: Home entertainment devices used for viewing television programs and/or movies. For various television program genres, see "Television programs," for various television media formats, see "Television," and for the television broadcasting industry, see "Television broadcasting."
Definition: Dissemination of video entertainment content, news, and information via wireless terrestrial broadcast, cable, satellite, or the Internet. Programs are generally episodic and shown on an announced schedule. See "Television broadcasting" for industry content. See "Television programs" for specific genres.
Definition: A program of the Federal Reserve of the United States that helps provide credit to small businesses and households. The program issues asset-backed securities collateralized by several different types of loans.
Definition: Life insurance plan that provides coverage for a limited period of time, after which the insured can elect to pay increasing premiums to maintain coverage.
Definition: A provision of a constitution, statute, or bylaw which limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office. Includes efforts to revise, circumvent or defend term limits.
Definition: Disagreements between two or more geopolitical entities regarding the control or possession of a specific territory, and the conflicts that arise as a result of these disagreements.
Definition: Acts of violence with the intent to intimidate or cause fear, usually committed against civilian populations, but with political intent. Most often used to describe the acts of non-government, non-military groups or individuals, with ideological motivations.
Definition: Sudden, unforeseen, violent and deadly attacks, often in the form of bombings or mass shootings, on specifically targeted groups of civilians, usually perpetrated by non-government, non-military groups or individuals with ideological motivations.
Definition: Short written messages sent from mobile devices to other devices or computers. Includes messaging technologies and advances, texting bans and etiquette.
Definition: Technologies and innovations that support and are used in the textile and apparel industries, such as smart fabrics or electronically-enhanced footwear.
Definition: The Earth's moon. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public. See "Moons" for natural satellites of other planets.
Definition: The star closest to the Earth. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Live dramatic performance created collaboratively by a group of artists. Includes musicals and plays performed in purpose-built venues or other spaces. Also see "Dance", "Opera", "Puppetry", and "Stagecraft".
Definition: Criminal acts such as shoplifting, looting, or larceny in which a person's, establishment's or organization's property is taken without consent.
Definition: Organizations dedicated to research in particular subject areas and giving advice to governments and political parties. Includes the findings of research conducted by think tanks.
Definition: Efforts by a government to influence or control the timber industry including such issues as logging, timber sales, the price of hauling timber, timber transport and trade regulations.
Definition: A form of shared ownership, typically of vacation or recreation condominium properties, in which several owners have rights to use the property for a specified period each year.
Definition: Adherence to the 1972 United States law that prevents exclusion from educational programs on the basis of gender. Most commonly refers to the provision of equal opportunites for women in school athletics.
Definition: Large rotating columns of air with destructive wind speeds that move across land, usually causing injuries, death, or significant property damage.
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in arranging and assembling tours for sale through travel agents. Tour operators primarily engaged in selling their own tours directly to travelers are also included in this industry.
Definition: Shooting at Townville Elementary School in Townville, South Carolina on September 28, 2016. Two students and a teacher were wounded. The teenage suspect was taken into custody and a coroner said the injuries do not appear to be life-threatening. All other students were evacuated to a nearby church.
Definition: Objects people use to play. Includes toy shows and fairs, toy artists and designers, toy museums and announcements of new toys. For the industry of toy production, see "Games and toys manufacturing".
Definition: Bilateral or multilateral treaties committing two or more nations to specified terms of commerce, usually involving mutually beneficial concessions.
Definition: An overall plan or course of action by a government regarding the buying and selling of goods and services with other countries. Includes policy creation and implementation of trade policy.
Definition: The movement of people, and especially vehicles, along roads or other transportation routes. Includes incidents of traffic problems and efforts to improve or reduce traffic flow.
Definition: Travel by passenger rail service. Includes announcements of the starting, ending or expansion of rail service, rail tours and railroad museums.
Definition: The movement of products from a source, such as a plant, factory, or workshop, to a destination, such as a warehouse, customer, or retail store.
Definition: Establishments primarily engaged in (1) manufacturing motor vehicle bodies and cabs or (2) manufacturing truck, automobile and utility trailers, truck trailer chassis, detachable trailer bodies and detachable trailer chassis.
Definition: A set of interconnected structural elements that provide the framework supporting an entire structure for transportation. This includes roads, airports, and bridges.
Definition: A government's overall plan or course of action with regard to transportation over air, land and water and associated infrastructure. Includes the creation and implementation of policy affecting roads and highways, aircraft, airports, watercraft, rail systems and bridges and tunnels. For regulation of the transportation industry, see "Transportation industry regulation".
Definition: Financial assistance granted by a government to the transportation industry to help increase income. Typically conducted through price level supports or direct payments.Includes announcements of the establishment of subsidy programs, analysis of the pros and cons of subsidies and the ending of specific subsidy programs.
Definition: Technologies and innovations that support and are involved in the transportation industry, such as traffic-flow engineering or railway technologies.
Definition: The movement of people and goods from one place to another by means of vehicles, road and rail networks, and other infrastructure. Includes transportation safety efforts and issues, and transportation disruptions and difficulties. For business and industry contexts, see "Transportation and shipping," or for personal travel, see "Travel" and its sub-sections.
Definition: Businesses and individuals who sell travel-related products and services and who assist customers with their itineraries, transportation and accommodations. Includes how travel agents can help their clients and new services being offered by travel agents. For industry news on travel agents see "Travel agencies".
Definition: Specific travel arrangements that are a bargain or are on sale. Includes announcements of seasonal and holiday travel deals. For low-cost travel in general for personal or business reasons see "Budget travel".
Definition: The field of medicine concerned with the prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions acquired during (usually international) travel.
Definition: Measures by a government to influence or control travel procedures for individuals. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of such measures. For specific bans and other public notices on travel, see "Travel restrictions and advisories". For measures by a government to control or influence the transportation industry, see "Transportation industry regulation".
Definition: Printed material containing information regarding travel. Includes travel magazines and brochures. For additional sources of information on travel arrangements and itineraries see "Travel websites".
Definition: Issues concerned with the well-being of individual travellers. Includes how-to advice for safe traveling, travel restrictions and advisories and other actions designed to promote the safety of the traveling public. For the maintenance and enforcement of safety in road, air, rail and water transportation systems see "Transportation safety".
Definition: Internet sites where individuals and businesses can make travel arrangements and get information pertaining to their specific travel needs. Includes announcements of new websites and the expansion or revision of services on existing sites. For additional sources of information on travel arrangements and itineraries see "Travel publications".
Definition: Taking trips and going on journeys, whether for recreation or necessity. Includes discussion of destinations, modes of travel, planning, vacations, lodging, budgets and spending, places to see, travel safety, trends, and tips. For travel-related industry, see "Travel agencies", "Hotel operators" and "Tour operators".
Definition: Debt obligations of the U.S. government that are interest-bearing issued by the Treasury and are used to meet government expenses not covered by tax revenues.
Definition: Formal examinations and determinations of facts based upon evidence in a court of law, in order to determine the outcome of specified claims or charges, and any activities related to these examinations such as opening arguments, witness testimony, or jury decisions.
Definition: The governing bodies of Native American tribes, bands, pueblos, villages or other types of communities that are officially recognized by the U.S. federal government. Covers a variety of tribal issues such as budgets, taxes, elections, and legislation.
Definition: Severe cyclonic storms with dangerous wind speeds and precipitation, which form over tropical oceans and which often adversely affect large populations, causing devastation, injuries and death.
Definition: A low-pressure weather system with rotary circulation, usually forming over an ocean, with sustained wind speeds of up to 38 miles per hour and with the potential for turning into a hurricane.
Definition: A United State government program to foster stability in financial markets. The program allows the U.S. Department of the Treasury to purchase or insure troubled assets such as mortgages or other financial products based on or related to mortgages.
Definition: Management of net funds available for investment and external funds purchased from other banks. Funds management attempts to match the cash flow needs of a bank against maturity schedules of its deposits as loan demand increases or decreases.
Definition: A series of very high and powerful ocean waves caused by seismic activity such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions; when these waves hit land, massive property damage, injury and loss of life often results.
Definition: An abnormal mass of tissue that can be either benign or malignant, often associated with cancer, arising from uncontrolled and progressive cell growth.
Definition: A nor'easter striking a large area of the U.S. Northeast on January 26 and 27, 2015. A 250-mile stretch of the area was under a blizzard warning.
Definition: Bonds issued by the US Government that are coupon-bearing securities and have terms from 10 to 30 years. The bonds are used to pay off the national debt and to fund government activities.
Definition: Mass shooting at Umpqua Community College in Roseburg, Oregon on October 1, 2015. The attack killed nine people and injured seven others before the suspect, Chris Harper Mercer, was fatally shot by police.
Definition: Official decisions of the highest court in the United States of America. Includes official rulings on cases as well as other decisions such as whether or not to hear a case.
Definition: Government-sponsored, single-payer system which ensures healthcare coverage for all citizens of a nation regardless of income level or employment status.
Definition: Planning and designing urban environments, including the layout of buildings and public spaces, and accompanying infrastructure. For industry content, see "Architecture and design services".
Definition: The production and distribution of agricultural products in and near cities close to where it is sold, thereby reducing transportation energy consumption and pollution.
Definition: Government efforts to design or influence the future physical configuration of a city. Covers the work of city planning boards, directors, commissions and commissioners. For the rehabilitation of urban areas through renovating or replacing existing dilapidated buildings see "Urban renewal".
Definition: Large-scale redevelopment of urban areas designed to draw businesses, residents, and tourists into previously blighted neighborhoods. See "Urban design" for the architectural and design aspects of such projects. See "Urban planning" for government efforts to guide development of urban environments. See "Urban sprawl" for environmental concerns related to the spread of urban and suburban development.
Definition: Movement of the human population from a rural, agrarian society to an urban society, including the proportion of people in each environment and the rate of change. See "Urban sprawl" for the uncontrolled spread of urban development.
Definition: Companies that provide energy products, including crude oil, natural gas, and refined petroleum; utility services, including the generation of electricity, the transmission and distribution of electricity, natural gas, and water; and/or the marketing and trading of energy commodities.
Definition: Homes separate from one's primary residence that are used for recreational purposes and may be rented out at unused times. Includes the buying and selling of vacation homes, renting out a vacation home and recommended locales for a vacation home.
Definition: Furnished apartments or houses rented on a temporary basis for vacation purposes as an alternative to a hotel. Includes trends, availability, profiles of rentals and openings of rental facilities.
Definition: Leisure time away from one's regular responsibilities, usually spent traveling for pleasure. Includes travel destinations, advice, how-to's, vacation budgeting, vacation rentals and cruises.
Definition: Live performances consisting of a series of brief, unrelated acts, typically including music, comedy, circus acts, dance, and spectacle. Variety shows usually have a live audience, but may also be broadcast on television or the internet, or recorded for distribution.
Definition: The growing of root and tuber crops (except sugar beets and peanuts) or edible plants and/or the production of root and tuber or edible plant seeds.
Definition: The consumption of only non-meat and non-fish food and food products. Includes vegetarian trends, activism by vegetarians, advice and how-to information and opinion pieces. See also "Vegetarian cuisine".
Definition: Accidental or intentionally set fires occurring in vehicles such as cars, buses or trains, resulting in property damage and/or death or injury. For fire-related criminal activity, see 'Arson.'
Definition: Financing for new businesses. In other words, money provided by investors to startup firms and small businesses with perceived, long-term growth potential. This is a very important source of funding for startups that do not have access to capital markets. It typically entails high risk for the investor, but it has the potential for above-average returns.
Definition: Retired or discharged members of armed forces. Includes the lives and activities of veterans, and issues pertaining to or of particular interest to veterans. Also see "Veterans affairs".
Definition: Electronic or computerized games played by manipulating images on a video display or television screen. Includes reviews, game announcements and competitions. See also "Online games" and "Virtual worlds".
Definition: Physical force used to harm or coerce others. Focuses on the social impact of violence, laws, statistics, prevention, advocacy and resources for victims, and rehabilitation of both victims and perpetrators. See "Violent crime" for criminal cases and trials.
Definition: Crimes in which the perpetrator threatens, attempts, or uses violent force against the victim, causing, threatening, or intending to cause physical harm.
Definition: The study of viruses. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Technologies involved in computer-generated visual and sensory environments that humans can interact with and control, using special tools such as goggles or fiber-optic gloves.
Definition: A computer-based simulated environment in which avatars interact. Includes announcements of new virtual world video games. See also "Video games" and "Online games".
Definition: Fine and decorative arts, including performance art. See "Performing arts" for dance, opera, performance poetry, puppetry, and theater. See "Arts and crafts" for hobbyist content.
Definition: Organic and inorganic natural compounds found in foods and manufactured supplements that are essential for healthy growth, development and bodily function.
Definition: Training intended to prepare students for careers in specific trades or occupations, often including instruction in specialized techniques and the use of specialized equipment or technology. Includes administration, accreditation, curricula, facilities, faculty, and experiences of students and recent graduates.
Definition: Violent rupture and spewing of lava, ash, rock and/or gases from a volcano or volcanic fissure, often resulting in property damage, injury or loss of life. For scientific content about volcanoes, see "Vulcanology."
Definition: Violations of the United States Clean Air Act by German automaker Volkswagen Group noted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on September 15, 2015.It was found that Volkswagen had intentionally programmed diesel engines to activate certain emissions controls only during laboratory emissions testing.
Definition: Competitive indoor volleyball and beach volleyball. See "Volleyball" for content about indoor volleyball only. Also see "Beach volleyball".
Definition: Competitive indoor volleyball played by teams of six players. See "Volleyball games" for both indoor and beach volleyball. Also see "Beach volleyball".
Definition: Distinct areas into which a geographical location is divided for electoral purposes. Used for legislative and other types of elections. Includes voting results for specific districts.
Definition: Casting a ballot in a formalized public election. Includes voting on candidates for political office as well as on referendums. Covers issues such as absentee voting, electronic voting, exit polls, voter registration and voting fraud.
Definition: The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity, including the actions and properties of magma and lava. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.
Definition: Gambling organizations that practice the determining of odds and receiving and paying off bets on the outcome of sporting events and other competitions.
Definition: A usually prolonged state of armed conflict between geopolitical entities (nations or states) or between factions or groups within a geopolitical entity. May be declared or undeclared. Includes specific events of war such as battles, occupations, and deployments, as well as general discussions of war and related topics. For violent disruptions that do not rise to the level of "war", consider 'Political and civil unrest' or one of its narrower terms.
Definition: Violations of the conventions of war committed during wartime, such as genocide, mistreatment of prisoners, or looting of occupied territories.
Definition: A shooting at the Cascade Mall in Burlington, Washington in which five people were killed at a Macy's makeup counter on September 23, 2016. Turkish-American 20-year-old, Arcan Cetan is a suspect in the case.
Definition: Management of the collection, recovery and disposal of wastes, including options for waste reduction. Covers the environmental aspects of solid waste and wastewater. For the business of waste management, see "Waste management services".
Definition: Issues pertaining to natural bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, and lakes, as well as to precipitation. Includes the positive and negative effects of human activities on water bodies and drinking water. For articles on the scientific study of water, see "Hydrology". For articles on the provision of water and/or wastewater services, see "Water utilities".
Definition: Bans on, or governmental recommendations against, the use of public water utilities due to droughts, weather, or accidents which compromise the water supply.
Definition: The management, control and trading of weaponry arsenals at the international and national levels. Includes diplomacy around aresenals, government weapons negotiations, disarmament, disposal, inspections, proliferation, storage and testing. For measures by a government to influence the possession and use of weaponry by its citizenry, see "Weapons laws and regulations".
Definition: Measures by a government to influence the possession and use of weaponry by private citizens and law enforcement. Includes the creation, implementation and enforcement of such measures. For binding agreements between two or more states with regard to armaments, see "Weapons treaties".
Definition: Weapons that are capable of causing widespread damage and destruction of property, living beings and the environment on a large scale, such as biological, chemical or nuclear weapons.
Definition: The spread of or efforts to limit the spread of weapons and technology or information that can be used to create weapons. Includes efforts by governments or other political organizations to acquire or increase their stockpiles of weapons. Also, includes negotiations among governments to reduce or prevent the growth of stockpiles of weapons.
Definition: Accessories and gadgets meant to be worn on the body that contain small-scale computers and electronic technologies, such as Google Glass and smart wristwatches. For various fabric and textile technologies, see 'Textile and apparel technology'.
Definition: Warnings, statements, or alerts/advisories regarding the forthcoming state of the atmosphere (storms, heat, frosts, tornadoes, hurricanes, etc.) for a given county, city or region.
Definition: Shorter-term, recurring, or cyclical trends in atmospheric phenomena, especially as they pertain to the weather or weather outlook of a particular area.
Definition: The set of phenomena that occur in Earth's atmosphere -- especially in a given location at a given time -- including day-to-day temperature fluctuations, precipitation, dryness, and major weather events such as hurricanes and tornadoes.
Definition: Software applications that are hosted on and accessed over computer networks such as the Internet or an intranet. Some examples of applications are webmail, wikis or online retail sites.
Definition: Software systems and applications designed for interacting between computers over networks such as the Internet. Includes services such as cloud computing or e-commerce support applications.
Definition: Rules for socially acceptable behavior as it pertains to marriage ceremonies and the preparations for such ceremonies. Includes guidance on proper behavior prior to and during the ceremony.
Definition: Ceremonies in which two people are married. Includes bridal dresses, honeymoons, etiquette and wedding receptions. For marriage as a social issue, see "Marriage".
Definition: Sport where athletes attempt to lift heavier weights than their competitors. Includes clean and jerk, snatch, and powerlifting formats. For the strength training exercise, see "Weight training".
Definition: Attack in which a knife-wielding man, identified by police as Briton Khalid Masood, went on a deadly rampage at the heart of Britain's seat of power on March 22, 2017, mowing down pedestrians on London's Westminster Bridge before stabbing an armed police officer to death inside the gates of Parliament. Four people were killed, including the attacker, and about 29 others were injured.
Definition: The selling and delivery of bulk merchandize to customers, such as retail stores; acting as an intermediary between manufacturers and retailers.
Definition: A local area network that transmits and receives data wirelessly using radio signals. Includes municipal Wi-fi availability efforts, personal mobile hotspots and Internet connectivity.
Definition: Collaborative websites that allow for easy content creation and editing by many users. Includes advances in wiki software and protocols, and reports of new wiki sites.
Definition: Accidental or intentionally set fires occurring in outdoor locations such as forests, brush or grasslands, resulting in property damage and/or death or injury. For fire-related criminal activity, see 'Arson.'
Definition: Animals and plants that have not been domesticated. Covers the positive and negative aspects of animals' and plants' interactions with the environment and humans. For television programs about wildlife, see "Nature programs". For wildlife attacking humans, see "Animal attacks". For the scientific study of animals and plants, see "Zoology" and "Botany" respectively.
Definition: Drinking establishments that specialize in serving a wide variety of wines. Includes reviews of wine bars and announcements of wine bar openings, closings and relocations. For wine itself and the establishments that produce wine as they relate to the general consumer, see "Wine" and "Wineries".
Definition: Grassroots rally in Washington, D.C. in support of the rights, safety, health and familiers of a variety of demographic groups on January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as President of the United States. Sister marches were to be held in other major metropolitan areas around the world. Demographic groups being supported include women, immigrants of all statuses, those with diverse religious faiths, people who identify as LGBTQIA, Native and Indigenous people, African-Americans, Hispanics, people with disabilities, the economically impoverished and survivors of sexual assault.
Definition: Health issues of particular interest to women, such as menopause, cervical cancer or pregnancy, as well as the achievement and maintenance of female health and well-being.
Definition: Unfair treatment of employees on the basis of their national origin, age, sex or religious beliefs or disability. A corporate policy to prevent workplace discrimination.
Definition: Competitive sport focused on hand-to-hand combat between two adversaries using grappling techniques. Includes freestyle and Greco-Roman formats, as well as entertainment wrestling. Also see "Sumo".
Definition: Facilities in which live animals are kept for public viewing. Includes events at zoos, animal births, new animal arrivals, and zoo openings and closings.
Definition: The biology of animals. Includes research, commentary, announcements, publications, exhibits, and content aimed at enthusiasts and the general public.